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19,821 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessIndustrial safety. Industrial accident prevention

Effects of in-car CO2 concentration on driving: a preliminary study with taxi drivers

Kan Shimazaki, Yo Ishigaki, Kazunori Hayashi et al. · 2025 · Environmental and Occupational Health Practice

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in automobiles on driving performance. Methods: A driving simulator experiment was conducted with eight taxi drivers. The experiment was conducted under low CO2 concentration (<500 ppm) and high CO2 concentration (5,000 ppm) conditions. To evaluate driving performance and cognitive function, three measures were employed: a two-back task, an LED response task, and a driving assessment. The driving assessment used scoring criteria from the driving license proficiency test. Results: Poisson regression analysis showed that

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Fracture resistance of pulpotomized primary molars restored with three types of composite resins with and without fiber-reinforcement

Zahra Bahrololoomi, Farnaz Farahat, Shirin Pajouhande et al. · 2025 · Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques

Objective: Coronal restoration of pulpotomized primary molars plays a vital role in ensuring the long-term success of the treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber reinforcement on the fracture resistance of pulpotomized primary molars restored with flowable or paste bulk-fill composite resins in comparison to a conventional composite resin.Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 48 primary molars were randomly allocated into six groups (n=8). The teeth were pulpotomozed and restored with the following materials: Group 1: Conventional composite resin, Group 2: Fiber+ co

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPlant culture

Effects of the NLA ( Narrow Leaf Angle ) Gene on Plant Architecture and Fruit Quality of Tomato

Haoran Wang, Ping Li, Ying Han et al. · 2026 · Horticulturae

To clarify the regulatory mechanism of NLA on tomato plant architecture and fruit quality, wild-type (WT), nla mutant (narrow leaf angle), and NLA overexpression lines (OE1, OE2) were used as materials, and the study was carried out through genetic analysis, phenotypic and quality determination, and gene expression analysis. The results showed that the tomato leaf angle is controlled by a single gene with semi-dominant inheritance. The nla mutant forms a compact plant architecture due to reduced cell volume at the leaf angle. During vegetative growth, it exhibited significantly increased plant

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEducation (General)

Understanding the adoption of educational AI tools in Sub-Saharan African higher education: a theory of planned behaviour-based analysis

Ishfaq Ahmad Malik, Seid Ahmyaw Adem, Adil Rasool · 2025 · Cogent Education

Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study examines the interplay between perceptions of educational artificial intelligence (EdAI) tools—specifically their perceived benefits, hedonic motivation, weaknesses, and risks—interact with TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control) in shaping adoption intentions. Using a quantitative design, data were collected through an online survey of 344 students from higher education institutions (HEIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessChemistry

A Practical Approach for Measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) Using Tween 80 in Wastewater

Naveed Ahmed, Andrea Straub · 2025 · ChemEngineering

This study aims to estimate the organic load of oily wastewater by using Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements, addressing the analytical challenges posed by the hydrophobic, nonpolar, and often emulsified nature of Fats, oil and grease (FOG). This study established a reproducible and practical methodology for measuring COD in wastewater containing FOG at a laboratory scale, utilizing the nonionic surfactant T80 as a solubilizing and emulsifying agent. Precise gravimetric methods were employed to measure the mass of T80 (indirectly from volume (100–1400 µL/L)) added, and its correlation wi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessVeterinary medicine

Study on daily and reproduction activity of melon weevil, Acythopeus curvirostris persicus (Col.: Curculionidae), in Birjand, Iran

K. Mohammadpour, P. Shishehbor, A. Avand-Faghih et al. · 2013 · نامه انجمن حشره‌شناسی ایران

Melon weevil, Acytopeus curvirostris persicus Thompson, is one of the most important pests of melons that is spread in the Middle East countries. In this study, diurnal and seasonal locomotor and flight activity of melon weevil were investigated under field condition using bucket traps (baited with conspecifics male and cucumber fruit) and also mating behavior pattern and its effect on fecundity (under semifield conditions) and fertility (under laboratory conditions). The results showed that both males and females of melon weevil have distinct daily activity. Two activity peaks were observed a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Effects of simvastatin on white matter integrity in healthy middle‐aged adults

Nicholas M. Vogt, Jack F. V. Hunt, Yue Ma et al. · 2021 · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Abstract Background The brain is the most cholesterol‐rich organ and myelin contains 70% of total brain cholesterol. Statins are potent cholesterol‐lowing medications used by millions of adults for prevention of vascular disease, yet the effect of statins on cholesterol‐rich brain white matter (WM) is largely unknown. Methods We used longitudinal neuroimaging data acquired from 73 healthy, cognitively unimpaired, statin‐naïve, middle‐aged adults during an 18‐month randomized controlled trial of simvastatin 40 mg daily (n = 35) or matching placebo (n = 38). ANCOVA models (covariates: age, sex,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomic theory. Demography

Analysis of Factors Affecting Muzakki Motivation in Paying Professional Zakat (Case Study on State Civil Servant in Cilacap Regency)

Ubaidillah, Akhris Fuadatis Solikha · 2023 · Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the motivation of muzakki in paying professional zakat on the State Civil Servant of Cilacap Regency. The factors studied were religiosity, government regulations, service quality, institutional trust, income, knowledge of zakat, level of zakat promotion, accountability, and transparency. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study are State Civil Sevant in Cilacap who are Muslim and have distributed professional zakat. The sampling method used in this study is accidental sa

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMicrobiology

Clofazimine inhibits innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NF-κB

Xinda Li, Xiaoyi Luo, Bin Wang et al. · 2024 · mSphere

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the infectious diseases with high incidence and high mortality. About a quarter of the population has been latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At present, the available TB treatment strategies have the disadvantages of too long treatment duration and serious adverse reactions. The sustained inflammatory response leads to permanent tissue damage. Unfortunately, the current selection of treatment regimens does not consider the immunomodulatory effects of various drugs. In this study, we preliminarily evaluated the effects of commonly used

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiology (General)

Control of Fusarium Wilt of Chili With Chitinolytic Bacteria

DWI SURYANTO, SITI PATONAH, ERMAN MUNIR · 2010 · Hayati Journal of Biosciences

Biological control of plant disease using antagonistic microorganism has been obtaining much attention and implemented for decades. One of the potential microorganisms used in this strategy is chitinolytic bacteria. Utilization of this bacteria ranges from cell life, enzymes, genes, or other metabolites. In this study, we examined the ability of chitinolytic bacteria as a biocontrol agent of Fusarium wilt of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. The ability of chitinolytic bacteria to suppress the disease was evaluated by soaking red chili seeds in the bacterial isolates solution for 30 mi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiology (General)

Effects of deficit irrigation and kaolin application on vegetative growth and fruit traits of two early ripening apple cultivars

Somayeh Faghih, Zabihollah Zamani, Reza Fatahi et al. · 2019 · Biological Research

Abstract Background Drought is one of the main serious problems for agriculture production which its intensity is increasing in many parts of the world, hence, improving water use efficiency is a main goal for sustainable agriculture. Results Growth indices including relative shoot length growth (SL), relative stem diameter increase (SD) and relative trunk cross sectional area growth (TCSA) measured at the start and end of the season decreased by reducing the irrigation level. Chlorophyll index (CI) was decreased at 70% crop evapotranspiration, however water use efficiency (WUE), leaf and frui

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

Effect of Clover Sward Management on Nitrogen Fixation and Performance of Following Spring- and Winter Wheat Crops; Results of a 3-Year Pilot Study

Andrew Wilkinson, John N. Wilkinson, Peter Shotton et al. · 2022 · Agronomy

Wheat yields in organic production are significantly lower than those achieved in conventional farming systems and in Northern Europe organic farmers also struggle to achieve the processing quality levels demanded by millers and bakers, especially in winter-wheat crops. Here, we report the findings of a 3-year pilot study which investigated the potential of increasing grain yields and both standard processing (e.g., grain protein levels and specific weights) and selected nutritional (tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers) quality parameters via (i) changes in the management of clover crops grown

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Characteristics of the Morphology and Hatchability of Egg White Nest Swiftlets (Aerodramus fuciphagus) under Artificial Incubation Conditions

Karl Wenas, Nugroho Hartandi, Ani Atul Arif et al. · 2025 · Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan

The increasing demand for edible bird nests (Aerodramus fuciphagus) has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of swiftlet populations. Artificial incubation is a potential solution to mitigate the impact of nest harvesting on wild populations. This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of swiftlet eggs from Buntok, Central Kalimantan, and their hatchability under controlled incubation. The 240 fertile eggs from a total of 400 eggs were incubated at 33–34.5°C with 70–80% humidity, and hatchability rates were assessed. The results indicated that swiftlet eggs had an ave

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the respiratory system

Use of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in pulmonary surgery for patients with tuberculosis

Lu-lu Xu, Wen-sheng Zhao, Lang-ping Li et al. · 2022 · Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the immune function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and the inflammatory response following one-lung ventilation surgery by comparing the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8); T lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ cells; and natural killer cells (NK cells). Methods: We randomly divided 62 patients who underwent general anesthesia for thoracotomy into two grou

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTechnology

Effect of Fluorohydroxyapatite on Biological and Physical Properties of MTA Angelus

Behnam Bolhari, Nazanin Chitsaz, Sara Nazari et al. · 2023 · The Scientific World Journal

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHI) on biological and physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus. Materials and Methods. In this in vitro, experimental study, nano-FHI powder was first synthesized, and the morphology and chemical structure of particles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three groups were evaluated in this study: MTA Angelus, MTA modified with 10% FHA, and MTA modified with 15% FHA. After mixing, the materia

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

Influence of dental erosion on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems: an in vitro study

Laerte Ribeiro Menezes-Júnior, Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt, Andomar Bruno Fernandes Vilela et al. · 2021 · Bioscience Journal

This study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems to intact and eroded teeth. Ceramic brackets were bonded to 72 bovine central incisors divided into four groups, defined by two study factors: enamel condition (control group, kept in artificial saliva; and experimental group, eroded by using immersion cycles in Coke™ for 90 seconds, every six hours for five days), and adhesive system type (Transbond™ XT or Transbond™ Plus Color Change). Polycrystalline ceramic brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens usin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effects of dietary incorporation of different antioxidant extracts and free-range rearing on fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation of Iberian pig meat

E. González, J.F. Tejeda · 2007 · Animal

This investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding either free range or in confinement using concentrated diets with the same ingredients and oil source (5.5% of olive oleins) but with different antioxidant supplementation [control diet with a basal level of α-tocopheryl acetate (control); 200 mg/kg synthetic all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (Eall-rac); 200 mg/kg natural RRR-α-tocopheryl-acetate (ERRR-); flavonoid extract-enriched diet (AFlav); and phenolic compound-enriched extract (APhen)] on the fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation of Iberian pig muscle longissimus dorsi.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPlant culture

Effect of Increase in Plant Density on Stem Yield and Sucrose Content in Two Sweet Sorghum Cultivars

A Soleymani, A Almodares, A. Naranjani · 2011 · پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of increase plant density on stalk yield and sucrose content in two sweet sorghum cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Isfahan University located at Zaghmar village. A split plot layout within a randomized complete block design with tree replication was used. Main plots were plant densities (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 thousand plant/ha) and subplots were cultivars (Rio and Keller). The effect of plant density at hard dough harvest stage on plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers, stem fresh weight and juice yield were s

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

Root, Yield, and Quality of Alfalfa Affected by Soil Salinity in Northwest China

Yuan Qiu, Yamin Wang, Yaqiong Fan et al. · 2023 · Agriculture

Growing crops in salt-affected soils has become increasingly important for sustainable development in arid and semi-arid regions. Knowledge on the responses of alfalfa root development, yield, and quality to soil salinity is critical for assessing the productivity and profitability of salt-affected soils. A field experiment with a total of six treatments combining three soil salinity levels and two biosolids fertilizer levels was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in northwest China. For salinity treatments, the salt addition rates were 2‰, 4‰, and 6‰ of 0–60 cm soil dry weight, while a commercial bio

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Children’s Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Children’s Emotional Intelligence

Siqi Zhang, Ping Wang, Weichen Wang et al. · 2026 · Behavioral Sciences

Prosocial behavior is an important manifestation of socialization in young children. As the primary setting for socialization of young children, the family bears the significant responsibility of fostering prosocial behavior in young children. Drawing on family systems theory and Goleman’s emotional intelligence theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and children’s prosocial behavior and the mediating role of children’s emotional intelligence in it. In this study, an online questionnaire was distributed to 869 young children’s parents usi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBanking

PENGARUH VARIABEL KEPUASAN, KEPERCAYAAN, DAN KOMITMEN AFEKTIF TERHADAP PERPINDAHAN NASABAH DI SURABAYA

Andri Rachmad Setiawan, Aniek Maschudah Ilfitriah · 2012 · Journal of Business & Banking

It is a fact that banking services industry is certainly difficult to determine because of the quality of the product which is naturally intangible. In general, customers need the creation is sustainable. Yet, it is not an easy task for us because changes can occur at any time, whether the change in customer’s tastes or psychological aspects also followed by the changes in environmental conditions that affect aspects of their psychological, social and cultural backgrounds. This study was conducted at Bank BCA Surabaya whose objectives as the following: such as to analyze (1) the effect of affe

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effect of Digestible Protein and Sulfur Amino Acids in Starter Diet on Performance and Small Intestinal (Jejunum) Morphology of Broilers

Avisa Akhavan khaleghi, Abolghasem Golian, Ahmad Hasan Abadi et al. · 2016 · پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

Introduction Protein is an essential constituent of all tissues of animal body and has major effect on growth performance of the bird. A better understanding of the nutritional requirements of amino acids allows a more precise nutrition, offering the possibility for the formulator to optimize the requirement of at least minimum levels of crude protein by essential amino acids requirements, generating better result and lower costs for the producer. Methionine + Cystine (total sulfur amino acid = TSSA) perform a number of functions in enzyme reactions and protein synthesis. Methionine is an esse

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness

GREEN DELIVERIES ON A BUDGET: HOW SUSTAINABILITY AND COST SHAPE VIETNAMESE E-COMMERCE CONSUMER CHOICES

Shojaei Seyed Amirhossein, Pakgohar Alireza, Tran Do Y Vy · 2026 · ECONOMICS

This exploratory research provides a study to examine the relationships between perceived sustainability (PS) and perceived cost (PC) on consumer attitudes (AT), intention to use (IU), and actual choice of delivery methods (DM) in e-commerce in Vietnam under Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework. PS has a positive effect on AT, indicating that there is increasing ecological awareness, while PC has a negative effect on AT, indicating cost sensitivity. AT is a strong predictor of IU, but IU has little influence on DM. Instead, AT causes behaviour, and so the latter one suggests intrinsic

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessFinance

The mediating effect of perceived value on customer loyalty of BMT NU Jawa Timur

Mohamad Mondir, Siti Habibatur Rahma · 2024 · Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to analyze and examines the effect of Islamic marketing mix, service quality and product quality towards BMT NU Jawa Timur’s customer loyalty with perceived value as mediating variable Methodology – This study is a quantitative research with 200 samples from BMT NU Jawa Timur’s customers. It uses non-probality sampling, and data collected will be analyzed with the help of SPSS software to obtain statistical correlation and regression techniques (validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, path analysis, t-test, and trimming test). Finding

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Concentration and Seedling Media Composition on the Germination and Growth of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot Seed

Adinda Nurcharisma, Setiyono Setiyono, Ummi Sholikhah et al. · 2024 · International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a vegetable commodity that contributes greatly to horticultural production and inflantion levels. The use of superior seeds is expected to produce maximum shallot production. The majority of Indonesian farmers use 30% of the harvested tubers as planting material, with production costs being quite expensive. Many shallot farmers also experience several problems with tuber seeds that are hollow and damaged. True Shallot Seeds can be an efficient and profitable altervative planting material. Implementing TSS shallot cultivation is considered difficult and requi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Expression of DNA Gyrase at mRNA Levels and Antibacterial Effect of FluoroquinoloneDerived Compounds on Two Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis

Shokrollah Assar, Ali Darehkordi, Mohammad Moradi et al. · 2019 · Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research

Introduction: Fluoroquinolones are a form of antibiotics capable of influencing DNA Gyrase of bacteria. Any alteration in the structure of current fluoroquinolone antibacterials may provide a better effect on the growth inhibition of bacteria. Aim: To assess the probable anti-bacterial activity of two fluoroquinolone derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods: The inhibitory effect of two synthetic derivatives of fluoroquinolones, N-4-methyl (phenyl) -2,2,2- trifluoroacetimidoyl ciprofloxacin (C1), and N-4-methyl (phenyl) -2,2

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)

Study on the Evaluation Standard of Construction Quality for Asphalt Pavement Based on the Intelligent Sensing Aggregate

Chen Zhang, Yuxin Zheng · 2021 · Advances in Civil Engineering

The traditional evaluation method of construction quality for asphalt pavement has gradually lagged behind the pace of development of the road industry. Big data, Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent sensing technology have been reflected in the field of road engineering, but these technologies also have technical shortcomings in terms of applicability, durability, real-time performance, and portability in practice. To provide a new method for construction quality evaluation of asphalt pavement, this study developed an intelligent sensing aggregate (ISA) with low cost and high precision b

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Effect of Sucking Ice Bits on Nausea and Vomiting During Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer

Mohammad Haddadi, Javad Ganjloo, Hamid Reza Hashemifard et al. · 2019 · Complementary Medicine Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery

Objective Cancer disease and its treatment methods affect the quality of life of those suffering from breast cancer. Nausea and vomiting are frequent side-effects of chemotherapy. Nowadays, complementary therapies are used along with routine treatments to control this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sucking ice bits with plain water on nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Methods In this clinical trial, participants were 60 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. They were randomly divided into two groups of control and ice. The ic

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

Study on Illumination Intensity and Duration of LED Light Sources for a Weaned Piglet House without Natural Light

Yaqiong Zeng, Dingbiao Long, Bin Hu et al. · 2023 · Agriculture

Lighting is an important environmental parameter in livestock farming, which can affect the physiology and behavior of animals, and it can regulate animal production. To explore the comprehensive effects of light intensity and duration on the performance, behavior, and physiological indicators of piglets, a 3 × 2 two-factor experiment (three levels of lighting intensity × two lighting durations) was conducted. The three light intensities used were high (100–120 lux), medium (40–50 lux), and low (5–20 lux). The two lighting durations were 8 h and 10 h of light per day. The experiment used a tot

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNutrition. Foods and food supply

Assessing the impact of non-tariff measures on Sri Lankan mango exports: insights, challenges, and recommendations

Sidath Prasanna Wickrama, Nawarathna Bandara Kandangama, Thushara Wickramaarachchi et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

IntroductionWith the increase in non-tariff measures (NTMs) in recent years, understanding their impact on trade policies and agricultural exports is of utmost importance for countries like Sri Lanka, where the proliferation of NTMs has posed substantial impediments to its mango export industry. However, studying NTMs can be challenging due to their complex nature, diverse range, and limited information availability.MethodsThis research aims to investigate the significant effect of NTMs on Sri Lankan mango exports, identify the pivotal drivers influencing mango exports, and analyze the perform

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