222 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Neuroscience · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
David R. Friedland, Christina L. Runge, Humera F. Baig et al. · 2010 · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
OBJECTIVE: To characterize speech perception performance in elderly cochlear implant users compared with younger adult users. DESIGN: Case-control retrospective analysis from January 1, 1999, to January 28, 2008. SETTING: Tertiary care,…
View details →Bratislav Mišić, Joaquín Goñi, Richard F. Betzel et al. · 2014 · PLoS Computational Biology
The hippocampal formation is a key structure for memory function in the brain. The functional anatomy of the brain suggests that the hippocampus may be a convergence zone, as it receives polysensory input from distributed association areas throughout the neocortex. However, recent quantitative graph-theoretic analyses of the static large-scale connectome have failed to demonstrate the centrality of the hippocampus; in the context of the whole brain, the hippocampus is not among the most connected or reachable nodes. Here we show that when communication dynamics are taken into account, the hipp
View details →Stephanie A. Kazanas, Jeanette Altarriba · 2015 · Evolutionary Psychology
Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the function of memory in our evolutionary history. According to Nairne and colleagues (e.g., Nairne, Pandeirada, and Thompson, 2008; Nairne, Thompson, and Pandeirada, 2007), the best…
View details →Matthew S. Willsey, Samuel R. Nason, Scott R. Ensel et al. · 2022 · Nature Communications
Despite the rapid progress and interest in brain-machine interfaces that restore motor function, the performance of prosthetic fingers and limbs has yet to mimic native function. The algorithm that converts brain signals to a control signal for the prosthetic device is one of the limitations in achieving rapid and realistic finger movements. To achieve more realistic finger movements, we developed a shallow feed-forward neural network to decode real-time two-degree-of-freedom finger movements in two adult male rhesus macaques. Using a two-step training method, a recalibrated feedback intention
View details →Sebastian Steven, Kerstin Jurk, Maximilian Kopp et al. · 2016 · British Journal of Pharmacology
Abstract Background and Purpose Excessive inflammation in sepsis causes microvascular thrombosis and thrombocytopenia associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. The present studies aimed to investigate whether inhibition of…
View details →Andreas Schatz, Johanna Pach, Mariya Gosheva et al. · 2017 · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Purpose: After promising results of an exploratory study, this study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) over 1 year in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: We included 52 RP patients in this prospective, randomized, partially-masked study which was done in accordance with rules of good clinical practice. Transcorneal electrical stimulation by Okustim was applied monocularly for 30 minutes per week for 52 consecutive weeks. Patients were assigned randomly to the groups: sham, 150%, or 200% of individual electrical phosphene t
View details →Benjamin M. Basile, Gabriel R. Schroeder, Emily Kathryn Brown et al. · 2014 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Knowing the extent to which nonhumans and humans share mechanisms for metacognition will advance our understanding of cognitive evolution and will improve selection of model systems for biomedical research. Some nonhuman species avoid…
View details →Thomas C. Jaramillo, Shunan Liu, Ami Pettersen et al. · 2014 · Autism Research
Multiple candidate genes have been identified for autism spectrum disorders. While some of these genes reach genome-wide significance, others, such as the R451C point mutation in the synaptic cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-3, appear to…
View details →Nate Kornell, Patricia Jacobs Klein, Katherine A. Rawson · 2014 · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition
Retrieving information from memory enhances learning. We propose a 2-stage framework to explain the benefits of retrieval. Stage 1 takes place as one attempts to retrieve an answer, which activates knowledge related to the retrieval cue.…
View details →Haifei Zhang, Yànhuá Lǐ, Jie‐Zhong Yu et al. · 2013 · NeuroImmunoModulation
Macrophages/microglia exhibit phenotypic and functional heterogeneity under physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to this heterogeneity, the polarization of macrophages/microglia is capable of effecting both detrimental and…
View details →Alex I. Wiesman, Jennifer O’Neill, Mackenzie S. Mills et al. · 2018 · Brain
Combination antiretroviral therapies have revolutionized the treatment of HIV infection, and many patients now enjoy a lifespan equal to that of the general population. However, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain a major…
View details →Lin Du, Ling Shan, Bing Wang et al. · 2015 · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of combined bumetanide and applied behavior analysis (ABA) treatment in children with autism. METHODS: Sixty children diagnosed with autism according to the…
View details →Tadeusz W. Kononowicz, Hedderik van Rijn · 2011 · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
Numerous studies have shown that contingent negative variation (CNV) measured at fronto-central and parietal-central areas is closely related to interval timing. However, the exact nature of the relation between CNV and the underlying timing mechanisms is still a topic of discussion. On the one hand, it has been proposed that the CNV measured at supplementary motor area (SMA) is a direct reflection of the unfolding of time since a perceived onset, whereas other work has suggested that the increased amplitude reflects decision processes involved in interval timing. Strong evidence for the first
View details →Gonzalo Garcia Guerra, Charlene M.T. Robertson, Gwen Y. Alton et al. · 2011 · Pediatric Anesthesia
OBJECTIVES/AIM: To determine whether sedation/analgesia drugs used before, during, and after infant cardiac surgery are associated with neurodevelopmental outcome. BACKGROUND: Animal models suggest detrimental effects of anesthetic drugs…
View details →Frieder M. Paulus, Johannes Bedenbender, Sören Krach et al. · 2013 · Human Brain Mapping
BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have identified the rs1006737 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CACNA1C gene as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. On the neural systems level this…
View details →Anna‐Katharina R. Bauer, Manuela Jaeger, Jeremy D. Thorne et al. · 2015 · Brain Research
The dynamic attending theory as originally proposed by Jones, 1976. Psychol. Rev. 83(5), 323-355 posits that tone sequences presented at a regular rhythm entrain attentional oscillations and thereby facilitate the processing of sounds…
View details →Sasan Partovi, Bjoern Jacobi, Nora Rapps et al. · 2012 · American Journal of Neuroradiology
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain tumors affecting language-relevant areas may influence language lateralization. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate language lateralization in brain tumor patients using clinical language fMRI, comparing the results with a group of healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven strictly right-handed patients with left-hemispheric-space intracranial masses (mainly neoplastic) affecting either the Broca area (n = 19) or Wernicke area (n = 38) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Fourteen healthy volunteers served as a control gr
View details →Tom Smeets, Peter van Ruitenbeek, Bart Hartogsveld et al. · 2018 · Brain and Cognition
Instrumental learning, i.e., learning that specific behaviors lead to desired outcomes, occurs through goal-directed and habit memory systems. Exposure to acute stress has been shown to result in less goal-directed control, thus rendering…
View details →James F. Morley, Abigail Cohen, Laura Silveira‐Moriyama et al. · 2018 · npj Parkinson s Disease
The 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is an effective instrument to detect olfactory dusfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is not clear, however, whether tests of this length are necessary to detect such dysfunction. Several studies have suggested that detection of certain odors is selectively compromised in PD, and that a test comprised of these odors could be shorter and more specific for this purpose. Therefore, we attempted to identify a subset of UPSIT odors that distinguish PD from controls with similar or improved test characteristics compared to
View details →Steven D. Mittelman, Katie Klier, Sharon Braun et al. · 2010 · Obesity
Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) stimulate hunger and satiety, respectively. The physiology of these hormones during normal meal intake remains unclear. This study was designed to compare the responses of these two hormones to meal intake…
View details →Hanna K. Frost, Tomas Andersson, Sebastian Johansson et al. · 2018 · Scientific Reports
Electrospinning can be used to mimic the architecture of an acellular nerve graft, combining microfibers for guidance, and pores for cellular infiltration. We made electrospun nerve guides, from polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), with aligned fibers along the insides of the channels and random fibers around them. We bridged a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect with the guides, and, in selected groups, added a cell transplant derived from autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For control, we compared to hollow silicone tubes; or autologous nerve grafts. PCL nerve guides had
View details →Alexander C. Wilson, Dorothy Bishop · 2018 · PeerJ
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD). There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline) and on language laterality assessed using functional t
View details →Natalia Sánchez, Sungwoo Park, James M. Finley · 2017 · Scientific Reports
The theory that the sensorimotor system minimizes energetic cost during locomotion has long been supported by both computational models and empirical studies. However, it has yet to be determined if the behavior to which people converge when exposed to a novel perturbation during locomotion is also energetically optimal. We address this issue in the context of adaptation to walking on a split-belt treadmill, which can impose a left-right asymmetry in step lengths. In response to this asymmetry, participants gradually adjust their foot placement to adopt steps of equal length. Here, we characte
View details →Mahmoud G. El Baassiri, Zachariah Raouf, Sarah Badin et al. · 2024 · Journal of Neuroinflammation
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and debilitating disease, associated with a high risk of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite significant advancements in improving outcomes, the lack of effective treatments underscore the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The brain-gut axis has emerged as a crucial bidirectional pathway connecting the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) system through an intricate network of neuronal, hormonal, and immunological pathways. Four main pathways are primarily implicated in this crosstalk, including the systemic immune syste
View details →Jonna Nilsson, Alexander V. Lebedev, Martin Lövdén · 2015 · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been put forward as a non-pharmacological alternative for alleviating cognitive decline in old age. Although results have shown some promise, little is known about the optimal stimulation parameters for modulation in the cognitive domain. In this study, the effects of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on working memory performance were investigated in thirty older adults. An N-back task assessed working memory before, during and after anodal tDCS at a current strength of 1 mA and 2 mA, in addition to sham stimulation. The st
View details →Adrienne L. Romer, Annchen R. Knodt, Maria L. Sison et al. · 2019 · Molecular Psychiatry
Transdiagnostic research has identified a general psychopathology factor-often called the 'p' factor-that accounts for shared variation across internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders in diverse samples. It has been argued that the p factor may reflect dysfunctional thinking present in serious mental illness. In support of this, we previously used a theory-free, data-driven multimodal neuroimaging approach to find that higher p factor scores are associated with structural alterations within a cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) and visual association cortex, both of which are
View details →Michael Notaras, Rachel Hill, Joseph A. Gogos et al. · 2015 · Molecular Psychiatry
The BDNF gene Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism is carried by ~0.55% of Sub-Saharan Africans, 19.9% of Europeans and 43.6% of Asians, but may be carried by up to 72% of some Sub-Asian population groups. 1 The switch from a guanine to…
View details →Kai Schreiber, Bart Krekelberg · 2013 · PLoS ONE
The goal of multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) in BOLD imaging is to determine whether patterns of activation across multiple voxels change with experimental conditions. MVPA is a powerful technique, its use is rapidly growing, but it poses serious statistical challenges. For instance, it is well-known that the slow nature of the BOLD response can lead to greatly exaggerated performance estimates. Methods are available to avoid this overestimation, and we present those here in tutorial fashion. We go on to show that, even with these methods, standard tests of significance such as Students' T
View details →Andrea Botticelli, Silvia Mezi, Giulia Pomati et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Immunology
Backgrounds. Clinical trials showed that only a subset of patients benefits from immunotherapy suggesting the need to identify new predictive biomarker of resistance.. Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD1 treatment and serum kyn/trp ratio represent a possible marker of IDO activity. Methods. Metastatic NSCLC, RCC and HNSCC treated in second line with nivolumab were included in this prospective study. Baseline serum kynurenine and tryptophan levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the kyn/trp ratio. The 2–t
View details →Samuel Murray, Nathan Liang, Nicholaus P. Brosowsky et al. · 2021 · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts
A primary aim of mind-wandering research has been to understand its influence on task performance. While this research has typically highlighted the costs of mind wandering, a handful of studies have suggested that mind wandering may be…
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