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19,814 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Predicting the Intention to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence for Health Information: Comparative Survey Study

Jörg Matthes, Anne Reinhardt, Selma Hodzic et al. · 2026 · Journal of Medical Internet Research

Background: The rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT is rapidly transforming how people access information online. In the health context, generative AI is seen as a potentially disruptive information source due to its low entry barriers, conversational style, and ability to tailor content to users' needs. However, little is known about whether and how individuals use generative AI for health purposes, and which groups may benefit or be left behind, raising important questions of digital health equity. Objective: This study aimed to assess the current relevance

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Generative AI offers more, but students revise less: comparing the effects of teacher and AI feedback on student essay revisions

Mohammadreza Farrokhnia, Saeed Latifi, Pantelis M. Papadopoulos et al. · 2026 · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Abstract Providing high-quality feedback on student writing is essential yet increasingly difficult due to rising class sizes and limited instructional capacity. Generative AI (GenAI) offers a promising and scalable alternative, but its effectiveness compared to traditional teacher feedback, particularly across different prompting techniques, remains uncertain. This study employed a quantitative, randomized three-group experimental design with 70 graduate students to compare the effects of teacher feedback and GenAI feedback generated using two prompting techniques: Zero-shot and chain-of-thou

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Towards carbon neutrality: asymmetric impact of financial development and digitalization on carbon dioxide emissions in Mediterranean countries

Dhyani Mehta · 2024 · Carbon Research

Abstract The current research investigates the impact of financial development, digitalization, green trade, manufacturing, and national income on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions of six Mediterranean countries (MEDIT-6). The study uses a nonlinear panel quantile regression model with panel data of MEDIT-6 countries from 1994 to 2022. The study asserts that higher financial development will reduce CO 2 emissions for MEDIT-6 countries, as it provides more financing options to invest in green energy and potentially curb excessive energy consumption which in turn reduces CO 2 emissions. The study

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Melatonin as a Guardian of Mitochondria: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Yanyu Bao, Guoying Miao, Nannan He et al. · 2026 · Biology

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key early pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Although mitochondria represent important therapeutic targets, effective interventions targeting mitochondrial function remain limited. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms by which melatonin protects mitochondria and evaluates its therapeutic relevance, with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease-the ma

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Neutrophil-initiated nociceptive ingrowth orchestrates inflammation resolution to potentiate bone regeneration

Xuanyu Qi, Guangzheng YANG, Zeqian Xu et al. · 2026 · Bone Research

Abstract Nociceptive pain is a cardinal feature of traumatic and inflammatory bone diseases. However, whether and how nociceptors actively regulate the immune response during bone regeneration remains unclear. Here, we found that neutrophil-triggered nociceptive ingrowth functioned as negative feedback regulation to inflammation during bone healing. A unique Il4ra + Ccl2 high neutrophil subset drove intense postinjury TRPV1 + nociceptive ingrowth, which in return dissipated inflammation by activating the production of pro-resolving mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in osteoblasts. Mechanistically, os

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnergy

Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis: Biosynthetic Pathways, Engineering Strategies, and Industrial Prospects

Shufang Yang, Xue Lu, Jia Wang et al. · 2025 · Marine Drugs

Astaxanthin, a high-value keto-carotenoid with potent antioxidant and health-promoting properties, has gained global attention as a sustainable nutraceutical and biotechnological product. The green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis represent two promising natural producers, yet they differ markedly in physiology, productivity, and industrial scalability. This review provides a focused comparative analysis of these two species, emphasizing their quantitative performance differences. H. pluvialis can accumulate astaxanthin up to ~3–5% of dry biomass but typically

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

The ACT-DR5 MCMF galaxy cluster catalog

Matthias Klein, J. J. Mohr, C. T. Davies · 2024 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

Galaxy clusters are useful cosmological probes and interesting astrophysical laboratories. As the cluster samples continue to grow in size, a deeper understanding of the sample characteristics and improved control of systematics becomes more crucial. For this analysis we created a new and larger ACT-DR5-based thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect- (tSZE-) selected galaxy cluster catalog with improved control over sample purity and completeness. We employed the red sequence based cluster redshift and confirmation tool MCMF together with optical imaging data from the Legacy Survey DR-10 and infrared

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vitamin D and Chronic Disorders: A Review of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

Ewelina Młynarska, Wiktoria Lisińska, Katarzyna Hossa et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals

Vitamin D, long recognized for its essential role in calcium-phosphate balance and bone health, has increasingly been identified as a pleiotropic regulator of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal function. Deficiency of vitamin D is widespread worldwide and has been linked to a higher risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Meta-analyses suggest that each 10 nmol/L (≈4 ng/mL) increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with about a 4% lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas other analyses indicate an approximately

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Enhancing corporate competitiveness: leveraging CSR, creative self-efficacy, and behavior for competitive advantage

Abdulalem Mohammed, Abdullah Kaid Al‐Swidi, Mohammed A. Al-Hakimi et al. · 2025 · Discover Sustainability

The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and competitive advantage (CA) has become more critical than ever for firms, particularly in the hospitality and other service industries, during times of crisis. This study…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Therapeutic Potential of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Mengting Zhu, Jonathan Lee · 2025 · Nutraceuticals

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites derived from the fermentation of dietary fibre by gut bacteria. SCFAs function as essential regulators of host-microbiome interactions by participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, the depletion of SCFAs has been increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of GI diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of SCFAs in GI diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associ

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Identifying SCS Trial Responders Immediately After Postoperative Programming with ECAP Dose-Controlled Closed-Loop Therapy

Jason E. Pope, Ajay Antony, Erika Petersen et al. · 2024 · Pain and Therapy

INTRODUCTION: Drawbacks of fixed-output spinal cord stimulation (SCS) screening trials may lead to compromised trial outcomes and poor predictability of long-term success. Evoked compound action potential (ECAP) dose-controlled closed-loop…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Dynamic electronic modulation of single-atom Fe sites with p-block metal coordination enables highly selective generation of FeIV = O in Fenton-like reactions

Zhendong Zhao, Huiwang Dai, Tiantian Nie et al. · 2025 · Nature Communications

High-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV=O) have garnered increasing attention for water purification, while the selective generation of FeIV = O in Fenton-like reactions still lacks an effective control protocol at the atomic level. Here, we…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Association between glutamate transporter gene polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder/trait empathy in a Korean population

Hae Won Kim, Jee In Kang, Eunhee Hwang et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

Accumulating evidence suggests that the glutamatergic system plays a major role in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and empathic processing. Particularly, genetic influence of glutamate transporter gene (SLC1A1) on OCD has been frequently replicated in previous studies, but several studies did not replicate the result. Therefore, we aimed to replicate the associations between the SLC1A1 and OCD in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated the influence of SLC1A1 on trait empathy, impairments in which are characteristic of OCD. Six single-nucleotide polymorphis

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A large language model for complex cardiology care

Jack W. O’Sullivan, Anil Palepu, Khaled Saab et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

The scarcity of subspecialist medical expertise poses a considerable challenge for healthcare delivery. This issue is particularly acute in cardiology, where timely, accurate management determines outcomes. We explored the potential of Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer (AMIE), a large language model-based experimental medical artificial intelligence system, to augment clinical decision-making in this challenging context. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing large language model-assisted care with the usual care of complex patients suspected of having a genetic cardiomyop

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The gut–kidney axis in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, microbial metabolites, and microbiome-targeted therapeutics

Sami Alobaidi · 2025 · Frontiers in Medicine

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major global health issue, affecting millions and presenting persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Conventional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate have well-recognized limitations, underscoring the need for novel diagnostic tools and interventions. Emerging evidence highlights the gut-kidney axis as a central contributor to CKD pathogenesis, shaped by microbial dysbiosis and altered metabolite production. Harmful metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide promote

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

In Search of the First Stars: An Ultra-compact and Very-low-metallicity Lyα Emitter Deep within the Epoch of Reionization

Chris J. Willott, Yoshihisa Asada, Kartheik G. Iyer et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract We present JWST observations of a gravitationally lensed, extremely metal-poor galaxy at redshift z = 8.203 ± 0.001 from the CANUCS survey. Based on the low oxygen to Balmer line ratios, we infer a gas-phase metallicity of 12 + log(O/H) = 6.85 (1.4% solar), making CANUCS-A370-z8-LAE one of the most metal-poor galaxies known at z > 7. The galaxy has a high H β equivalent width of 225 ± 50 Å, small half-light radius of only r hl = 3 8 − 19 + 3 pc, and high star formation rate density of 50–100 M ⊙ yr −1 kpc −2 . The galaxy shows high-equivalent-width Ly α emission with an i

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Preclinical ex vivo and in vivo models to study immunotherapy agents and their combinations as predictive tools toward the clinic

Iñaki Eguren‐Santamaría, Ignacio Melero, Inmaculada Rodríguez et al. · 2025 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Almost every successful anticancer treatment has been preceded by preclinical scientific breakthroughs that encouraged clinical development. However, therapeutic strategies showing promising preclinical results often fail to confirm…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Unraveling the oral microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic potential

Gilliana Rozenblum, Karima Ait‐Aissa, G. E. D. Zahran et al. · 2025 · Alzheimer s & Dementia

Oral dysbiosis contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting neuroinflammation. Pathobionts such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum release virulence factors that induce amyloid beta aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation, while the loss of commensals like Streptococcus salivarius and Neisseria spp. impairs anti-inflammatory protection, worsening neuronal damage. P. gingivalis is strongly linked to an increased risk of AD, especially in individuals with systemic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Its presence

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v supplementation modulates β-cell ER stress and antioxidative defense pathways and prevents type 1 diabetes in gluten-free BioBreeding rats

Pinar Sargin, Mark F. Roethle, Shuang Jia et al. · 2022 · Gut Microbes

The increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes has coincided with the emergence of the low-fiber, high-gluten Western diet and other environmental factors linked to dysbiosis. Since Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 v (Lp299v) supplementation improves gut barrier function and reduces systemic inflammation, we studied its effects in spontaneously diabetic DRlyp/lyp rats provided a normal cereal diet (ND) or a gluten-free hydrolyzed casein diet (HCD). All rats provided ND developed diabetes (62.5±7.7 days); combining ND with Lp299v did not improve survival. Diabetes was delayed by HCD (72.2±9.4 day

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Meningioma: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Carlen Yuen, Michelle Zheng, Max Saint-Germain et al. · 2025 · Biomedicines

Background/Objectives: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Surgery and radiation therapy are the cornerstones of treatment and no standard of care therapy exists for refractory meningiomas. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against these tumors. Methods: A search for the existing literature on systemic therapies for meningiomas was performed on PubMed and a search for presently accruing clinical trials was performed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: Systemic treatments, including chemotherapy, somatostatin analo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessHealth Professions

Enhancing Patient Education with AI: A Readability Analysis of AI-Generated Versus American Academy of Ophthalmology Online Patient Education Materials

Allison Kufta, Ali R. Djalilian · 2025 · Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background/Objectives: Patient education materials (PEMs) in ophthalmology often exceed recommended readability levels, limiting accessibility for many patients. While organizations like the AAO provide relatively easy-to-read resources, topics remain limited, and other associations’ PEMs are too complex. AI chatbots could help clinicians create more comprehensive, accessible PEMs to improve patient understanding. This study aims to compare the readability of patient education materials (PEMs) written by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) with those generated by large language models

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Cell Migration–Proliferation Dichotomy in Cancer: Biological Fact or Experimental Artefact?

Abdulaziz Alfahed · 2024 · Biology

The migration-proliferation dichotomy (MPD) has long been observed in cultured cancer cells. This phenomenon is not only relevant to tumour progression but may also have therapeutic significance in clinical cancer. However, MPD has rarely been investigated in primary cancer. This study aimed to either confirm or disprove the existence of MPD in primary cancer. Using primary gastric, colorectal and prostate cancer (GC, CRC and PCa) cohorts from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, this study interrogated the MPD phenomenon by utilising RNA-Seq-based proliferation

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prognostic value of liver stiffness measurement vs. biochemical response in primary biliary cholangitis

Yu Jun Wong, Laurent Lam, Pierre‐Antoine Soret et al. · 2025 · Journal of Hepatology

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Both liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and biochemical response have prognostic significance in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the frequency and clinical relevance of discordant biochemical and LSM changes remain unclear. We aim to determine the performance of the most recent or current LSM (LSMc) in predicting first hepatic decompensation (HD) in the setting of discordant biochemical and LSM responses. METHODS: In this international, multicenter study, we included patients with at least two reliable LSM performed at least 6 months apart. Patients

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The myth of the Bayesian brain

Madhur Mangalam · 2025 · European Journal of Applied Physiology

The Bayesian brain hypothesis-the idea that neural systems implement or approximate Bayesian inference-has become a dominant framework in cognitive neuroscience over the past two decades. While mathematically elegant and conceptually unifying, this paper argues that the hypothesis occupies an ambiguous territory between useful metaphor and testable, biologically plausible mechanistic explanation. We critically examine the key claims of the Bayesian brain hypothesis, highlighting issues of unfalsifiability, biological implausibility, and inconsistent empirical support. The framework's remarkabl

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