Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals
Gabriel Baldanzi; Anna Larsson; Sergi Sayols-Baixeras; Koen F. Dekkers; Ulf Hammar; Diem Nguyen; Tíscar Graells; Shafqat Ahmad · 2026 · Nature Medicine
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
Disruptions in gut microbiome are implicated in cardiometabolic disorders and other health outcomes. Antibiotics are known gut microbiome disruptors, but their long-term consequences remain underexplored. Here we combined individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with fecal metagenomes of 14,979 adults to examine the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gut microbiome. In multivariable confounder-adjusted regression models, antibiotic use <1 year before fecal sampling was associated with the greatest reduction in species diversity, but significant asso
Abstract by Gabriel Baldanzi; Anna Larsson; Sergi Sayols-Baixeras; Koen F. Dekkers; Ulf Hammar; Diem Nguyen; Tíscar Graells; Shafqat Ahmad, Nature Medicine (2026) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.1038/s41591-026-04284-y