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19,803 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Diagnostic performance of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, p‐tau181, GFAP, and NfL along the continuum of Alzheimer's disease and non‐AD dementias: An international multi‐center study

James D. Doecke, Giovanni Bellomo, Lisa Vermunt et al. · 2025 · Alzheimer s & Dementia

INTRODUCTION: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and amyloid beta ratio (Aβ42/40) may have diagnostic and prognostic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we assess which markers can best identify AD from controls and other non-AD dementias in a large international multi-center study. METHODS: Plasma samples (n = 1298) were collected from six international centers. Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, NfL, and p-tau181 were measured using single molecule array. In each group, AD diagnosis/co-pathology was defined according to cerebrosp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Type 2 Diabetes and the Multifaceted Gut-X Axes

Hezixian Guo, L.-T. Pan, Qiuyi Wu et al. · 2025 · Nutrients

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. Beyond the classically implicated organs, emerging evidence highlights the gut as a central player in T2D pathophysiology through its interactions with metabolic organs. The gut hosts trillions of microbes and enteroendocrine cells that influence inflammation, energy homeostasis, and hormone regulation. Disruptions in gut homeostasis (dysbiosis and increased permeability) have been linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Metabolic crossroads in insulin resistance: exploring lipid dysregulation and inflammation

Saeede Saadati, Rasoul Godini, Anjana Reddy et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Immunology

Insulin resistance is a central pathological feature of several chronic metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. While its pathogenesis is multifactorial, lipid dysregulation and chronic low-grade inflammation are recognised as two major, interconnected processes that impair insulin action across multiple tissues. This review summarises core mechanistic themes linking these processes, with a focus on three key signalling pathways that are particularly relevant to metabolic regulation and to the interplay between lipid metab

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Unmanned Ground Vehicles for Continuous Crop Monitoring in Agriculture: Assessing the Readiness of Current ICT Technology

Maurizio Agelli, Nicola Corona, Fabio Maggio et al. · 2024 · Machines

Continuous crop monitoring enables the early detection of field emergencies such as pests, diseases, and nutritional deficits, allowing for less invasive interventions and yielding economic, environmental, and health benefits. The work organization of modern agriculture, however, is not compatible with continuous human monitoring. ICT can facilitate this process using autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) to navigate crops, detect issues, georeference them, and report to human experts in real time. This review evaluates the current state of ICT technology to determine if it supports auton

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Artificial social influence via human-embodied AI agent interaction in immersive virtual reality (VR): Effects of similarity-matching during health conversations

Sue Lim, Ralf Schmälzle, Gary Bente · 2025 · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans

Interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) based agents can positively influence human behavior and judgment. However, studies to date focus on text-based conversational agents (CA) with limited embodiment, restricting our understanding of how social influence principles, such as physical similarity, apply to AI agents (i.e., artificial social influence). We address this gap by leveraging latest advances in AI (large language models) and combining them with immersive virtual reality (VR). Specifically, we built VR-ECAs, or embodied conversational agents that can engage in turn-taking conve

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Diagnostic Potential of Cytokine Biomarkers in Endometriosis: Challenges and Insights

Laura Krygere, Povilas Jukna, Kristina Jarienė et al. · 2024 · Biomedicines

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Although endometriosis was first described over 300 years ago, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and accurate, prompt diagnosis continues to be challenging. Currently, there is a lack of effective, non-invasive diagnostic methods, and available treatments often come with significant side effects and high recurrence rates. This has spurred interest in investigating the role of pro- and

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2025 update

Josef S. Smolen, Christopher J. Edwards, Victoria Konzett et al. · 2026 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to provide an update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommendations addressing the most recent insights. METHODS: An International Task…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience

Meryem A. Yücel, Robert Luke, Rickson C. Mesquita et al. · 2025 · Communications Biology

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets. Despite using dif

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The physiopathology of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Yves‐Alain Barde · 2025 · Physiological Reviews

BDNF is synthesized and secreted by excitatory neurons. Decades of work with animal models prepared the ground for interpreting the results of human genome analyses associating polymorphisms with memory deficits, mood disorders and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Strategic Inclusion Without Transformation: How Populist Radical Right Parties Engage With Women’s Interests

Bonnie M. Meguid, Hilde Coffé, Ana Catalano Weeks et al. · 2025 · Comparative Political Studies

Despite their Männerparteien reputation, populist radical right (PRR) parties have recently expanded their agendas to include women’s interests. When do they embrace these interests, and what shapes their stance? We propose a theory of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

ChatGPT Health performance in a structured test of triage recommendations

Ashwin Ramaswamy, Alvira Tyagi, Hannah Hugo et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

ChatGPT Health was launched in January 2026 as OpenAI's consumer health tool and has reached millions of users. Here we conducted a structured stress test of triage recommendations using 60 clinician-authored vignettes across 21 clinical domains under 16 factorial conditions, yielding 960 total responses. Performance followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, with the most dangerous failures concentrated at clinical extremes-nonurgent presentations (35%) and emergency conditions (48%). Among gold-standard emergencies, the system undertriaged 52% of cases, directing patients with diabetic ketoacido

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Volatile versus Propofol General Anesthesia and Long-term Survival after Breast Cancer Surgery: A National Registry Retrospective Cohort Study

Mats Enlund, Anders Berglund, Anna Enlund et al. · 2022 · Anesthesiology

BACKGROUND: Several retrospective studies using administrative or single-center data have failed to show any difference between general anesthesia using propofol versus inhaled volatiles on long-term survival after breast cancer surgery.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

Amanda Rotella, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Sandeep Mishra et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who ar

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

HIV-1 Nef Is Transferred from Expressing T Cells to Hepatocytic Cells through Conduits and Enhances HCV Replication

In-Woo Park, Yan Fan, Xiaoyu Luo et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

HIV-1 infection enhances HCV replication and as a consequence accelerates HCV-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise molecular mechanism by which this takes place is currently unknown. Our data showed that infectious HIV-1 failed to replicate in human hepatocytic cell lines. No discernible virus replication was observed, even when the cell lines transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA were co-cultured with Jurkat T cells, indicating that the problem of liver deterioration in the co-infected patient is not due to the replication of HIV-1 in the hepatocytes of the HCV infected

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Depression Versus Relaxation Training for Alcohol-Dependent Individuals With Elevated Depressive Symptoms

Richard A. Brown, Susan E. Ramsey, Christopher W. Kahler et al. · 2011 · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

OBJECTIVE: A previous pilot study found positive outcomes among alcohol-dependent individuals with elevated depressive symptoms who received cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression (CBT-D; n = 19) compared with a relaxation training…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A randomized controlled trial of liposomal cyclosporine A for inhalation in the prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following lung transplantation

Claus Neurohr, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Alessandro Ghiani et al. · 2021 · American Journal of Transplantation

Long-term survival after lung transplantation is limited by chronic allograft dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of locally augmented immunosuppression with liposomal cyclosporine A for inhalation (L-CsA-i)…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Part Qualification Methodology for Composite Aircraft Components Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring

Shane Esola, Brian Wisner, Prashanth A. Vanniamparambil et al. · 2018 · Applied Sciences

The research presented in this article aims to demonstrate how acoustic emission (AE) monitoring can be implemented in an industrial setting to assist with part qualification, as mandated by related industry standards. The combined structural and nondestructive evaluation method presented departs from the traditional pass/fail criteria used for part qualification, and contributes toward a multi-dimensional assessment by taking advantage of AE data recorded during structural testing. To demonstrate the application of this method, 16 composite fixed-wing-aircraft spars were tested using a struct

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Can a Commercial Video Game Prevent Depression? Null Results and Whole Sample Action Mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Marlou Poppelaars, Anna Lichtwarck‐Aschoff, Roy Otten et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology

Depressive symptoms and disorders are major public health concerns, affecting many adolescents and young adults. Despite extensive research, depression prevention programs for youth show limited effectiveness. Moreover, the maximal potential of youth psychotherapy — on which depression prevention programs are based — may have been reached. Commercial video games may offer an engaging alternative vehicle for youth to practice emotional and social skills vital to mental health. The current study investigated the potential for the commercial video game Journey to prevent the exacerbation of depre

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Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

A significant effect of the TSPY1 copy number on spermatogenesis efficiency and the phenotypic expression of the gr/gr deletion

Ying Shen, Yuanlong Yan, Yunqiang Liu et al. · 2013 · Human Molecular Genetics

AZFc deletions cause a significant phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to spermatogenesis; however, the reason for this is poorly understood. Recently, testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 (TSPY1) copy number variation (CNV) was…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Does organizational culture influence employee productivity at the local level? A test of Denison's culture model in Ghana’s local government sector

Juliana Abagsonema Abane, Ronald Adamtey, Virceta Owusu Ayim · 2022 · Future Business Journal

Abstract There is mixed evidence that low levels of productivity at the local government level are not common with organizations with strong cultures as these are less prone to any externalities. The paper investigated the link between organizational culture and employee productivity from the perspectives of employees of the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly (STMA) in Ghana. The study used the quantitative approach with descriptive and cross-sectional designs. The simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 132 respondents from the STMA using a self-administered s

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

2-GHz Band CW and W-CDMA Modulated Radiofrequency Fields Have No Significant Effect on Cell Proliferation and Gene Expression Profile in Human Cells

Masaru Sekijima, Hiroshi Takeda, Katsuaki Yasunaga et al. · 2010 · Journal of Radiation Research

We investigated the mechanisms by which radiofrequency (RF) fields exert their activity, and the changes in both cell proliferation and the gene expression profile in the human cell lines, A172 (glioblastoma), H4 (neuroglioma), and IMR-90…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Combined metagenomic and phenomic approaches identify a novel salt tolerance gene from the human gut microbiome

Eamonn P. Culligan, Julian R. Marchesi, Colin Hill et al. · 2014 · Frontiers in Microbiology

In the current study, a number of salt-tolerant clones previously isolated from a human gut metagenomic library were screened using Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology to assess their functional capacity. PM's can be used to study gene function, pathogenicity, metabolic capacity and identify drug targets using a series of specialized microtitre plate assays, where each well of the microtitre plate contains a different set of conditions and tests a different phenotype. Cellular respiration is monitored colorimetrically by the reduction of a tetrazolium dye. One clone, SMG 9, was found to be po

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genome-Wide Association Study of Irritable vs. Elated Mania Suggests Genetic Differences between Clinical Subtypes of Bipolar Disorder

Tiffany A. Greenwood, John R. Kelsoe · 2013 · PLoS ONE

The use of clinical features to define subtypes of a disorder may aid in gene identification for complex diseases. In particular, clinical subtypes of mania may distinguish phenotypic subgroups of bipolar subjects that may also differ genetically. To assess this possibility, we performed a genome-wide association study using genotype data from the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS) and subjects that were categorized as having either irritable or elated mania during their most severe episode. A bipolar case-only analysis in the GAIN bipolar sample identified several genomic regions that differed betwe

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Gamified Inoculation Against Misinformation in India: A Randomized Control Trial

Trisha Harjani, Melisa-Sinem Basol, Jon Roozenbeek et al. · 2023 · Journal of Trial and Error

Although the spread of misinformation is a pervasive and disruptive global problem, extant research is skewed towards “WEIRD” countries leaving questions about how to tackle misinformation in the developing world with different media and consumption patterns unanswered. We report the results of a game-based intervention against misinformation in India. The game is based on the mechanism of psychological inoculation; borrowed from the medical context, inoculation interventions aim to pre-emptively neutralize falsehoods and help audiences spot and resist misinformation strategies. Though the eff

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Evolution of Omicron lineage towards increased fitness in the upper respiratory tract in the absence of severe lung pathology

Arthur Wickenhagen, Meaghan Flagg, Julia R. Port et al. · 2025 · Nature Communications

The emergence of the Omicron lineage represented a major genetic drift in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. This was associated with phenotypic changes including evasion of pre-existing immunity and decreased disease severity. Continuous evolution within the Omicron lineage raised concerns of potential increased transmissibility and/or disease severity. To address this, we evaluate the fitness and pathogenesis of contemporary Omicron variants XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and JN.1 in the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT). We compare in vivo infection in Syrian hamsters with infection in primary h

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Replication of not-known-vector flaviviruses in mosquito cells is restricted by intracellular host factors rather than by the viral envelope proteins

Nathalie Charlier, Andrew D. Davidson, Kai Dallmeier et al. · 2010 · Journal of General Virology

Chimeric yellow fever virus 17D (YFV-17D) and dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) carrying the surface proteins of Modoc virus (MODV), a not-known-vector (NKV) flavivirus, replicated efficiently in mammalian (Vero-B) and mosquito (C6/36) cells,…

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