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19,854 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Assessing the Impact: Does an Improvement to a Revenue Management System Lead to an Improved Revenue?

Greta Laage, Emma Frejinger, Andrea Lodi et al. · 2021 · arXiv

Airlines and other industries have been making use of sophisticated Revenue Management Systems to maximize revenue for decades. While improving the different components of these systems has been the focus of numerous studies, estimating the impact of such improvements on the revenue has been overlooked in the literature despite its practical importance. Indeed, quantifying the benefit of a change in a system serves as support for investment decisions. This is a challenging problem as it corresponds to the difference between the generated value and the value that would have been generated keepi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

A Systematic Analysis on the Temporal Generalization of Language Models in Social Media

Asahi Ushio, Jose Camacho-Collados · 2024 · arXiv

In machine learning, temporal shifts occur when there are differences between training and test splits in terms of time. For streaming data such as news or social media, models are commonly trained on a fixed corpus from a certain period of time, and they can become obsolete due to the dynamism and evolving nature of online content. This paper focuses on temporal shifts in social media and, in particular, Twitter. We propose a unified evaluation scheme to assess the performance of language models (LMs) under temporal shift on standard social media tasks. LMs are tested on five diverse social m

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Transforming Particular Stabilizer Codes into Hybrid Codes

Lane G. Gunderman · 2018 · arXiv

In this paper, we prove how to extend a subset of quantum stabilizer codes into a qudit hybrid code storing $\log_2 p$ classical bits over a qudit space with dimension $p$, with $p$ prime. Our proof also gives an explicit procedure for finding the entire collection of stabilizer algebras for all of the subcodes of the hybrid code. This allows extra classical information to be transmitted without having to arduously search for additional codes and their associated codewords, and also provides a first lower bound to the amount of classical information able to be transmitted in a qudit hybrid cod

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

Learning the seasonality of disease incidences from empirical data

Karunia Putra Wijaya, Dipo Aldila · 2017 · arXiv

Investigating the seasonality of disease incidences is very important in disease surveillance in regions with periodical climatic patterns. In lieu of the paradigm about disease incidences varying seasonally in line with meteorology, this work seeks to determine how well standard epidemic models can capture such seasonality for better forecasts and optimal futuristic interventions. Once incidence data are assimilated by a periodic model, asymptotic analysis in relation to the long-term behavior of the disease occurrences can be performed using the classical Floquet theory, which explains the s

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Free energy approximations in simple lattice proteins

Dirk Reith, Thomas Huber, Florian Mueller-Plathe et al. · 2000 · arXiv

This work addresses the question of whether it is possible to define simple pair-wise interaction terms to approximate free energies of proteins or polymers. Rather than ask how reliable a potential of mean force is, one can ask how reliable it could possibly be. In a two-dimensional, infinite lattice model system one can calculate exact free energies by exhaustive enumeration. A series of approximations were fitted to exact results to assess the feasibility and utility of pair-wise free energy terms. Approximating the true free energy with pair-wise interactions gives a poor fit with little t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Investigating the Robustness of Deductive Reasoning with Large Language Models

Fabian Hoppe, Filip Ilievski, Jan-Christoph Kalo · 2025 · arXiv

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve impressive results for many reasoning-based NLP tasks, suggesting a degree of deductive reasoning capability. However, it remains unclear to which extent LLMs, in both informal and autoformalisation methods, are robust on logical deduction tasks. Moreover, while many LLM-based deduction methods have been proposed, a systematic study that analyses the impact of their design components is lacking. Addressing these two challenges, we propose the first study of the robustness of formal and informal LLM-based deductive reasoning methods. We de

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Cu_{2}O as nonmagnetic semiconductor for spin transport in crystalline oxide electronics

I. Pallecchi, L. Pellegrino, N. Banerjee et al. · 2010 · arXiv

We probe spin transport in Cu_{2}O by measuring spin valve effect in La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3}/Cu_{2}O/Co and La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3}/Cu_{2}O/La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3} epitaxial heterostructures. In La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3}/Cu_{2}O/Co systems we find that a fraction of out-of-equilibrium spin polarized carrier actually travel across the Cu_{2}O layer up to distances of almost 100 nm at low temperature. The corresponding spin diffusion length dspin is estimated around 40 nm. Furthermore, we find that the insertion of a SrTiO_{3} tunneling barrier does not improve spin injection, likely due to the ma

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

Efficient routing of multiple vehicles with no communications

Alessandro Arsie, Emilio Frazzoli · 2006 · arXiv

In this paper we consider a class of dynamic vehicle routing problems, in which a number of mobile agents in the plane must visit target points generated over time by a stochastic process. It is desired to design motion coordination strategies in order to minimize the expected time between the appearance of a target point and the time it is visited by one of the agents. We propose control strategies that, while making minimal or no assumptions on communications between agents, provide the same level of steady-state performance achieved by the best known decentralized strategies. In other words

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Capacity and Delay Scaling for Broadcast Transmission in Highly Mobile Wireless Networks

Rajat Talak, Sertac Karaman, Eytan Modiano · 2017 · arXiv

We study broadcast capacity and minimum delay scaling laws for highly mobile wireless networks, in which each node has to disseminate or broadcast packets to all other nodes in the network. In particular, we consider a cell partitioned network under the simplified independent and identically distributed (IID) mobility model, in which each node chooses a new cell at random every time slot. We derive scaling laws for broadcast capacity and minimum delay as a function of the cell size. We propose a simple first-come-first-serve (FCFS) flooding scheme that nearly achieves both capacity and minimum

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Influence of Gender Composition in Pedestrian Single-File Experiments

Sarah Paetzke, Maik Boltes, Armin Seyfried · 2023 · arXiv

Various studies address the question of what factors are relevant to the course of the fundamental diagram in single-file experiments. Some indicate that there are differences due to group composition when gender is taken into account. For this reason, further single-file experiments with homogeneous and heterogeneous group compositions were conducted. A Tukey HSD test was performed to investigate whether there are differences between the mean of velocity in different density ranges. A comparison of different group compositions shows that the effect of gender can only be seen, if at all, in a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

The $A_y$ Puzzle and the Nuclear Force

D. Hüber, J. L. Friar · 1998 · arXiv

The nucleon-deuteron analyzing power $A_y$ in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering poses a longstanding puzzle. At energies $E_{lab}$ below approximately 30 MeV $A_y$ cannot be described by any realistic NN force. The inclusion of existing three-nucleon forces does not improve the situation. Because of recent questions about the $^3P_J$ NN phases, we examine whether reasonable changes in the NN force can resolve the puzzle. In order to do this we investigate the effect on the $^3P_J$ waves produced by changes in different parts of the potential (viz., the central force, tensor force, etc.), as

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

A step forwards on the Erdős-Sós problem concerning the Ramsey numbers $R(3,k)$

Rujie Zhu, Xiaodong Xu, Stanisław Radziszowski · 2015 · arXiv

Let $Δ_s=R(K_3,K_s)-R(K_3,K_{s-1})$, where $R(G,H)$ is the Ramsey number of graphs $G$ and $H$ defined as the smallest $n$ such that any edge coloring of $K_n$ with two colors contains $G$ in the first color or $H$ in the second color. In 1980, Erdős and Sós posed some questions about the growth of $Δ_s$. The best known concrete bounds on $Δ_s$ are $3 \le Δ_s \le s$, and they have not improved since the stating of the problem. In this paper we present some constructions, which imply in particular that $R(K_3,K_s) \ge R(K_3,K_{s-1}-e) + 4$. This does not improve the lower bound of 3 on $Δ_s$, b

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Entropy Bound for the Classical Capacity of a Quantum Channel Assisted by Classical Feedback

Dawei Ding, Yihui Quek, Peter W. Shor et al. · 2019 · arXiv

We prove that the classical capacity of an arbitrary quantum channel assisted by a free classical feedback channel is bounded from above by the maximum average output entropy of the quantum channel. As a consequence of this bound, we conclude that a classical feedback channel does not improve the classical capacity of a quantum erasure channel, and by taking into account energy constraints, we conclude the same for a pure-loss bosonic channel. The method for establishing the aforementioned entropy bound involves identifying an information measure having two key properties: 1) it does not incre

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Understanding the Effects of Miscalibrated AI Confidence on User Trust, Reliance, and Decision Efficacy

Jingshu Li, Yitian Yang, Renwen Zhang et al. · 2024 · arXiv

Providing well-calibrated AI confidence can help promote users' appropriate trust in and reliance on AI, which are essential for AI-assisted decision-making. However, calibrating AI confidence -- providing confidence score that accurately reflects the true likelihood of AI being correct -- is known to be challenging. To understand the effects of AI confidence miscalibration, we conducted our first experiment. The results indicate that miscalibrated AI confidence impairs users' appropriate reliance and reduces AI-assisted decision-making efficacy, and AI miscalibration is difficult for users to

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Reducing Over-smoothing in Graph Neural Networks Using Relational Embeddings

Yeskendir Koishekenov · 2023 · arXiv

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved a lot of success with graph-structured data. However, it is observed that the performance of GNNs does not improve (or even worsen) as the number of layers increases. This effect has known as over-smoothing, which means that the representations of the graph nodes of different classes would become indistinguishable when stacking multiple layers. In this work, we propose a new simple, and efficient method to alleviate the effect of the over-smoothing problem in GNNs by explicitly using relations between node embeddings. Experiments on real-world dataset

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Negative / Null Result Report

Recovery of Lost Premiums in Failed Mergers

Maziar Peihani · 2025 · Alberta Law Review

This article discusses lost premium provisions, often referred to as Con Ed provisions. The article examines the main variants of these provisions and considers how they may conflict with established doctrines in contract and corporate…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Exploring Multi-Modality Dynamics: Insights and Challenges in Multimodal Fusion for Biomedical Tasks

Laura Wenderoth · 2024 · arXiv

This paper investigates the MM dynamics approach proposed by Han et al. (2022) for multi-modal fusion in biomedical classification tasks. The MM dynamics algorithm integrates feature-level and modality-level informativeness to dynamically fuse modalities for improved classification performance. However, our analysis reveals several limitations and challenges in replicating and extending the results of MM dynamics. We found that feature informativeness improves performance and explainability, while modality informativeness does not provide significant advantages and can lead to performance degr

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Building Extractive Question Answering System to Support Human-AI Health Coaching Model for Sleep Domain

Iva Bojic, Qi Chwen Ong, Shafiq Joty et al. · 2023 · arXiv

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global deaths, necessitating a focus on primary prevention and lifestyle behavior change. Health coaching, coupled with Question Answering (QA) systems, has the potential to transform preventive healthcare. This paper presents a human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) health coaching model incorporating a domain-specific extractive QA system. A sleep-focused dataset, SleepQA, was manually assembled and used to fine-tune domain-specific BERT models. The QA system was evaluated using automatic and human methods. A data-centric framework enhanced

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Honey, I shrunk the scientist -- Evaluating 2D, 3D, and VR interfaces for navigating samples under the microscope

Jan Tiemann, Matthew McGinity, Ulrik Günther · 2026 · arXiv

In contemporary biology and medicine, 3D microscopy is one of the most widely-used techniques for imaging and manipulation of various kinds of samples. Navigating such a micrometer-sized, 3-dimensional sample under the microscope -- e.g. to find relevant imaging regions -- can pose a tedious challenge for the experimenter. In this paper, we examine whether 2D desktop, 3D desktop, or Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces provide the best user experience and performance for the exploration of 3D samples. We invited 12 skilled microscope operators to perform two different exploration tasks in 2D, 3D an

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

A comparison of Vietnamese Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis Systems

Huy Kinh Phan, Viet Lam Phung, Tuan Anh Dinh et al. · 2020 · arXiv

In recent years, statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) systems have been widely utilized in many interactive speech-based systems (e.g.~Amazon's Alexa, Bose's headphones). To select a suitable SPSS system, both speech quality and performance efficiency (e.g.~decoding time) must be taken into account. In the paper, we compared four popular Vietnamese SPSS techniques using: 1) hidden Markov models (HMM), 2) deep neural networks (DNN), 3) generative adversarial networks (GAN), and 4) end-to-end (E2E) architectures, which consists of Tacontron~2 and WaveGlow vocoder in terms of speech qua

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

One-at-a-time: A Meta-Learning Recommender-System for Recommendation-Algorithm Selection on Micro Level

Andrew Collins, Dominika Tkaczyk, Joeran Beel · 2018 · arXiv

The effectiveness of recommendation algorithms is typically assessed with evaluation metrics such as root mean square error, F1, or click through rates, calculated over entire datasets. The best algorithm is typically chosen based on these overall metrics. However, there is no single-best algorithm for all users, items, and contexts. Choosing a single algorithm based on overall evaluation results is not optimal. In this paper, we propose a meta-learning-based approach to recommendation, which aims to select the best algorithm for each user-item pair. We evaluate our approach using the MovieLen

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Learning to Identify Patients at Risk of Uncontrolled Hypertension Using Electronic Health Records Data

Ramin Mohammadi, Sarthak Jain, Stephen Agboola et al. · 2019 · arXiv

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease, and its prevalence is expected to rise dramatically. Effective hypertension management is thus critical. A particular priority is decreasing the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension. Early identification of patients at risk for uncontrolled hypertension would allow targeted use of personalized, proactive treatments. We develop machine learning models (logistic regression and recurrent neural networks) to stratify patients with respect to the risk of exhibiting uncontrolled hypertension within

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Addressing Climate Action Misperceptions with Generative AI

Miriam Remshard, Yara Kyrychenko, Sander van der Linden et al. · 2026 · arXiv

Mitigating climate change requires behaviour change. However, even climate-concerned individuals often hold misperceptions about which actions most reduce carbon emissions. We recruited 1201 climate-concerned individuals to examine whether discussing climate actions with a large language model (LLM) equipped with climate knowledge and prompted to provide personalised responses would foster more accurate perceptions of the impacts of climate actions and increase willingness to adopt feasible, high-impact behaviours. We compared this to having participants run a web search, have a conversation w

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

3D deformable registration of longitudinal abdominopelvic CT images using unsupervised deep learning

Maureen van Eijnatten, Leonardo Rundo, K. Joost Batenburg et al. · 2020 · arXiv

This study investigates the use of the unsupervised deep learning framework VoxelMorph for deformable registration of longitudinal abdominopelvic CT images acquired in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. The CT images were refined prior to registration by automatically removing the CT table and all other extra-corporeal components. To improve the learning capabilities of VoxelMorph when only a limited amount of training data is available, a novel incremental training strategy is proposed based on simulated deformations of consecutive CT images. In a 4-fold cross-validation scheme

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Feature interpretability in BCIs: exploring the role of network lateralization

Juliana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani · 2024 · arXiv

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable users to interact with the external world using brain activity. Despite their potential in neuroscience and industry, BCI performance remains inconsistent in noninvasive applications, often prioritizing algorithms that achieve high classification accuracies while masking the neural mechanisms driving that performance. In this study, we investigated the interpretability of features derived from brain network lateralization, benchmarking against widely used techniques like power spectrum density (PSD), common spatial pattern (CSP), and Riemannian geometry.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Algorithmic Tradeoffs, Applied NLP, and the State-of-the-Art Fallacy

AJ Alvero, Ruohong Dong, Klint Kanopka et al. · 2025 · arXiv

Computational sociology is growing in popularity, yet the analytic tools employed differ widely in power, transparency, and interpretability. In computer science, methods gain popularity after surpassing benchmarks of predictive accuracy, becoming the "state of the art." Computer scientists favor novelty and innovation for different reasons, but prioritizing technical prestige over methodological fit could unintentionally limit the scope of sociological inquiry. To illustrate, we focus on computational text analysis and revisit a prior study of college admissions essays, comparing analyses wit

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Informer in Algorithmic Investment Strategies on High Frequency Bitcoin Data

Filip Stefaniuk, Robert Ślepaczuk · 2025 · arXiv

The article investigates the usage of Informer architecture for building automated trading strategies for high frequency Bitcoin data. Three strategies using Informer model with different loss functions: Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Generalized Mean Absolute Directional Loss (GMADL) and Quantile loss, are proposed and evaluated against the Buy and Hold benchmark and two benchmark strategies based on technical indicators. The evaluation is conducted using data of various frequencies: 5 minute, 15 minute, and 30 minute intervals, over the 6 different periods. Although the Informer-based model

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Active Learning of Molecular Data for Task-Specific Objectives

Kunal Ghosh, Milica Todorović, Aki Vehtari et al. · 2024 · arXiv

Active learning (AL) has shown promise for being a particularly data-efficient machine learning approach. Yet, its performance depends on the application and it is not clear when AL practitioners can expect computational savings. Here, we carry out a systematic AL performance assessment for three diverse molecular datasets and two common scientific tasks: compiling compact, informative datasets and targeted molecular searches. We implemented AL with Gaussian processes (GP) and used the many-body tensor as molecular representation. For the first task, we tested different data acquisition strate

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

When LLMs fall short in Deductive Coding: Model Comparison and Human AI Collaboration Workflow Design

Zijian Li, Luzhen Tang, Mengyu Xia et al. · 2025 · arXiv

With generative artificial intelligence driving the growth of dialogic data in education, automated coding is a promising direction for learning analytics to improve efficiency. This surge highlights the need to understand the nuances of student-AI interactions, especially those rare yet crucial. However, automated coding may struggle to capture these rare codes due to imbalanced data, while human coding remains time-consuming and labour-intensive. The current study examined the potential of large language models (LLMs) to approximate or replace humans in deductive, theory-driven coding, while

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Alveolar socket preservation with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-seeded hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffolds: An in vivo assessment of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression.

Alshaibani, Kamadjaja, Sitalaksmi et al. · 2026 · Journal of molecular histology

Tooth extraction is a common procedure often followed by alveolar bone resorption, which may compromise future implant placement, prosthetic rehabilitation, esthetics, and periodontal support. Hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-Chi) scaffolds…

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