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19,814 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The Evolution and Future Directions of PBPK Modeling in FDA Regulatory Review

Yong Li, Henry Sun, Zuoli Zhang · 2025 · Pharmaceutics

Background: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical approach that integrates human physiological parameters with drug-specific characteristics (including both active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients), and it has emerged as one of the core technologies for optimizing the efficiency and reliability of drug development. Methods: This study synthesizes applications of PBPK models in FDA-approved drugs (2020–2024), systematically analyzing model utilization frequency, indication distribution, application domains and choice of modeling platforms, to reveal th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Gut microbiome and its metabolites in liver cirrhosis: mechanisms and clinical implications

Luyuan Chang, Yang Liu, Haipeng Li et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Cirrhosis remains a significant global health burden, causing approximately 1.4-1.5 million deaths each year and contributing to nearly 46 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Increasing evidence identifies the gut-liver axis as a central driver of disease progression, wherein intestinal dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and microbe-derived metabolites collectively exacerbate inflammation, fibrogenesis, and related complications. Across more than 40 recent studies, gut microbial α-diversity declined by 30-60%, and over 80% reported a marked depletion of short-chain fatty acid

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impact of Preexisting Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 NS3, NS5A, and NS5B Polymorphisms on theIn VitroPotency of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents

Fiona McPhee, Joseph Ueland, Vincent Vellucci et al. · 2019 · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

[tested DAAs] of >5,000 nM) and were detected in evaluated GT-6b and -6f sequences. NS5A-L28A-R30A, observed in GT-6r, did not replicate. In conclusion, HCV GT-6b, GT-6f, and GT-6r sequences harbored highly resistant RASs to all evaluated…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Harnessing Novel Tetra-Synergistic Bilosomes for Effective Otomycosis Management: Integrated In-Vitro, Microbiological and In-vivo Studies

Abdurrahman M. Fahmy, Osama Saher, Heba Attia et al. · 2026 · AAPS PharmSciTech

Abstract This study introduces and statistically optimizes novel Tetra-Synergistic Bilosomes (TSB), an advanced nano-platform for topical delivery of voriconazole (VOR) in otomycosis therapy. The term “Tetra-Synergistic” reflects the incorporation of four complementary components: Cremophor® EL, sodium deoxycholate, Brij® 58, and Brij® S2, working in synergy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. TSB was fabricated using the thin-film hydration method and optimized through a 2 3 D-optimal design. Three formulation factors were investigated: Cremophor® EL: VOR ratio, sodium deoxycholate: cholesterol

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

The Interleukin Network in Sepsis: From Cytokine Storm to Clinical Applications

Marcello Candelli, Marta Sacco Fernandez, Gloria Rozzi et al. · 2025 · Diagnostics

Background and Objectives: Despite major advances in medical science and critical care, sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide: it arises from dysregulated host response to infections and may culminate in organ dysfunction. A hallmark of its pathogenesis is the cytokine storm, in which interleukins (ILs) serve as central mediators of both protective and deleterious immune responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of ILs in sepsis, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Material and Methods: We analyzed recent cl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Conduction System vs Biventricular Pacing in Heart Failure

André Zimerman, Alexander Dal Forno, Luis E. Rohde et al. · 2026 · JAMA Cardiology

Importance: Conduction system pacing (CSP) is a promising and potentially cost-effective alternative to biventricular pacing (BiVP) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and left bundle-branch block (LBBB), but its impact on heart failure (HF) outcomes remains uncertain. Objective: To compare CSP vs BiVP on an HF-related outcome in patients with HFrEF and LBBB. Design, Setting, and Participants: PhysioSync-HF (Conduction System Pacing Versus Biventricular Resynchronization in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure) was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, noninf

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Rotational Projection Errors in Coronal Knee Alignment on Weight-Bearing Whole-Leg Radiographs: A 3D CT Reference Across CPAK Morphotypes

Igor Strahovnik, Andrej Strahovnik, Samo K. Fokter · 2025 · Bioengineering

Whole-leg radiographs (WLRs) are widely used to assess coronal alignment before total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but may be inaccurate in patients with atypical morphotypes or malrotation. This study evaluated the discrepancy between WLR and 3D computed tomography (CT) scans across coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) morphotypes and introduced a novel projection index—the femoral notch projection ratio (FNPR). In CPAK III knees, 19% of cases exceeded a clinically relevant threshold (>3° difference), prompting investigation of underlying projection factors. In 187 knees, coronal angles—

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

The self-assembly of glycyrrhizic acid into nanofibrils

Suelen Gauna Trindade, Fernando Bonin Okasaki, Ashley P. Williams et al. · 2025 · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

The self-assembly of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in aqueous solutions has significant implications for soft matter science and material design. Here, we describe the self-assembly of GA under well-defined conditions, focusing on measurements of the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) - when GA dimers start stacking into nanofibrils, and of the critical gel concentration (CGC) - when nanofibrils entangle into a viscoelastic network. We examine in detail the structure at low concentrations and its evolution into a viscoelastic hydrogel, addressing the kinetic pathway. We highlight the dependence

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Is there prejudice from thin air? Replicating the effect of emotion on automatic intergroup attitudes

Junhua Dang, Zeynep E. Ekim, Sarah Ohlsson et al. · 2020 · BMC Psychology

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that anger, rather than sadness, created automatic intergroup bias in a minimal group context. METHODS: The current research reports a single study (N = 99) aiming to replicate this finding and further to test whether the intergroup bias manifests as ingroup favoritism, outgroup derogation, or both. RESULTS: Our results failed to replicate the effect of anger on automatic bias. Intriguingly, participants across all emotion conditions exhibited high level of ingroup favoritism, but there was little evidence of outgroup derogation. CONCLUSION: These results su

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Five‐Year Unified Risk Prediction Model for Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Based on Nationwide Health Check‐Up Data in Japan: J‐GESS Score

Kenta Watanabe, Sho Fukuda, Dai Kubota et al. · 2026 · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In Japan, gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) account for nearly all fatal upper gastrointestinal malignancies. A unified model that simultaneously predicts the incidence of these two…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: An Overview of Evidence and Implications for Pathophysiology

Evgeny A. Ermakov, Irina A. Mednova, Anastasiia S. Boiko et al. · 2025 · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

Neuroinflammation, meaning an inflammatory process primarily occurring within the central nervous system (CNS), is thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SC), although existing evidence is sometimes contradictory. This review critically summarizes the existing data on neuroinflammation and possible neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of SC. Despite heterogeneity and inconsistency, the existing evidence indicates dysregulation of inflammatory genes and infiltration of the CNS parenchyma by immune cells, disturbances in the b

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychological distress in advanced cancer: A phase 2a feasibility and preliminary efficacy clinical trial

James Downar, James Downar, Julie Lapenskie et al. · 2024 · Palliative Medicine

Background: Psychological and existential suffering affects many people with advanced illness, and current therapeutic options have limited effectiveness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and effective therapy…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Null effect of perceived drum pattern complexity on the experience of groove

Olivier Senn, Florian Hoesl, Toni Bechtold et al. · 2024 · PLoS ONE

There is a broad consensus in groove research that the experience of groove, understood as a pleasurable urge to move in response to music, is to some extent related to the complexity of the rhythm. Specifically, music with medium rhythmic complexity has been found to motivate greater urge to move compared to low or high complexity music (inverted-U hypothesis). Studies that confirmed the inverted-U hypothesis usually based their measure of complexity on the rhythmic phenomenon of syncopation, where rhythms with more and/or stronger syncopation are considered to be more complex than less synco

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Effects of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory Joint Diseases: Current Evidence and Uncertainties

Olena Garmish, Svitlana Smiyan, Fedir Hladkykh et al. · 2025 · Vascular Health and Risk Management

Patients with inflammatory joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, have an elevated risk of cardiovascular complications due to systemic inflammation, immune-mediated endothelial…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Low molecular weight organic acids mobilize soil organic phosphorus for enzymatic hydrolysis in a temperate montane peatland

Yuchen Suo, Tong Li, Christian von Sperber et al. · 2025 · Biogeochemistry

Abstract The stability of carbon (C) stocks in peatlands is intricately linked to phosphorus (P) bioavailability. Given that organic P compounds (P o ) can make up to 89% of total soil P in these ecosystems, it is vital to understand their role in regulating plant productivity and organic matter decomposition. Despite this significance, the mechanisms controlling P bioavailability remain poorly understood. Plants and soil microorganisms primarily regulate the release of soil P via low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and modulate the hydrolysis of P o through phosphatase enzymes, partic

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Exercise blood pressure relative to fitness and cardiovascular outcomes: the EXERTION study

Martin G Schultz, Petr Otahal, Philip Roberts-Thomson et al. · 2025 · European Heart Journal

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A hypertensive response to exercise is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but clinical interpretation may be confounded by aerobic capacity (fitness). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between exercise blood pressure (BP) relative to fitness and CVD events. METHODS: Clinical exercise test records were analysed from 12 743 people (aged 53 ± 13 years, 60% male) who completed a standard exercise stress test (Bruce treadmill protocol, stages 1-4) at six Australian hospitals. Records were linked to administrative datasets (hospital

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Different organ-specific response to nivolumab to determine the survival outcome of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC).

Han Sang Kim, Jung Yong Hong, Jaekyung Cheon et al. · 2020 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

4584 Background: Previously, two phase III clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) failed to meet their primary endpoints, leading to doubts regarding the clinical activity of ICI monotherapy in patients with aHCC. Here, we…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Should we use automated external defibrillators in hospital wards?

Mélissa De Regge, Koenraad G. Monsieurs, K. Vandewoude et al. · 2012 · PubMed

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have shown to improve survival after cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in many, but not all clinical settings. A recent study reported that the use of AEDs in-hospital did not improve survival. The…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Breaking the outer membrane barrier: structure, targets, and antimicrobial strategies for Gram-negative bacteria

Fanzhuo Xu, Yu Xie, Weiwei Yu et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Microbiology

Multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has become a significant global public health challenge, threatening human health and clinical treatment outcomes. The unique outer membrane structure of these pathogens greatly limits antibiotic penetration, serving as the core mechanism of resistance. This paper systematically analyses antimicrobial strategies targeting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, mainly including: (1) directly disrupting the outer membrane structure and enhancing drug permeability; (2) inhibiting the biosynthesis or transport pathways of key outer membrane com

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Still a Place for Metoclopramide as a Prokinetic Drug in Critically Ill Patients?

Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Y. G. Van Der Meer, Willem A. Venhuizen et al. · 2015 · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

Neurologic adverse reactions, including extrapyramidal disorders, dyskinesia, dystonia, convulsions, hypertonia, and tremors.4 The reported occurrence of tardive dyskinesia ranges from <0.01%–23%.5 High occurrence is attributed to chronic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Anticancer efficacy of the hypoxia‐activated prodrug evofosfamide is enhanced in combination with proapoptotic receptor agonists against osteosarcoma

Vasilios Liapis, Aneta Zysk, Mark DeNichilo et al. · 2017 · Cancer Medicine

Tumor hypoxia is a major cause of treatment failure for a variety of malignancies. However, hypoxia also leads to treatment opportunities as demonstrated by the development of compounds that target regions of hypoxia within tumors. Evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug that is created by linking the hypoxia-seeking 2-nitroimidazole moiety to the cytotoxic bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM). When evofosfamide is delivered to hypoxic regions of tumors, the DNA cross-linking toxin, Br-IPM, is released leading to cell death. This study assessed the anticancer efficacy of evofosfamide in

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Radiotherapy Improves Survival of Patients With Lymphovascular Invasion in pT1b Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Xu Yang, Lina Zhao, Anhui Shi et al. · 2023 · The American Journal of Gastroenterology

INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended for pT1b esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, it is unclear whether additional radiotherapy can improve patient survival. This…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Tetanus in the Elderly: The Management of Intensive Care and Prolonged Hospitalization

Hiroki Isono, Taiju Miyagami, Kohta Katayama et al. · 2016 · Internal Medicine

Tetanus is a potentially fatal infection. Approximately 100 cases are reported in Japan each year; however, little is known about its clinical course and outcomes in the current era of treatment. We herein report three cases of tetanus in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Devimistat plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone for older relapsed or refractory patients with AML: results of the ARMADA trial

Timothy S. Pardee, Bayard L. Powell, Richard A. Larson et al. · 2024 · Blood Neoplasia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer of the myeloid lineage. Outcomes in older patients are poor with high rates of resistant and relapsed disease. Devimistat is a lipoic acid analog that inhibits mitochondrial metabolism.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Relaxin Does Not Improve Angiotensin II-Induced Target-Organ Damage

Nadine Haase, Julianna Rugor, Łukasz Przybył et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

Relaxin is a corpus-luteum produced protein hormone with vasodilatatory, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenic properties that are opposite to angiotensin (Ang) II. We investigated whether or not relaxin ameliorates Ang II-induced target-organ damage. We used double transgenic rats harboring both human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGR) that develop severe hypertension, target-organ damage, and die untreated within 7-8 weeks. Recombinant relaxin at a low (26 μg/kg/d) and a high dose (240 μg/kg/d) was given to 4 week-old dTGR and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats (SD). Systolic blood pressure increas

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Predictors of Survival, Treatment Modalities, and Clinical Outcomes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Patients Older Than 70 Years Still an Unmet Medical Need in 2024 Based on Real-World Evidence

Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage, Rita Novello de Vita, Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves et al. · 2024 · Cancers

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) especially affects the older population. Old (≥60 years) and very old age (≥80 years) DLBCL patients often present high-risk molecular alterations, lower tolerability to conventional immunochemotherapy, and poor clinical outcomes. In this scenario, attenuated therapeutic strategies, such as the R-MiniCHOP and R-MiniCHOP of the elderly regimens, have emerged for this particularly fragile population. However, the responses, clinical outcomes, and toxicities of these regimens currently remain poorly understood, mainly because these individuals are

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ulinastatin did not reduce mortality in elderly multiple organ failure patients: a retrospective observational study in a single center ICU

Masatoshi Uchida, Toshikazu Abe, Kazuyuki Ono et al. · 2017 · Acute Medicine & Surgery

Aim Our aim was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on 28‐day mortality in patients who developed multiple organ failure ( MOF ) related to their acute illness and were admitted to the intensive care unit ( ICU ). Methods We carried out a retrospective observational study of MOF patients in a general ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Japan from January 2009 to December 2012. The primary outcome was 28‐day all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were ventilator‐free days, ICU ‐free days, and vasopressor‐free days at day 28. We investigated the association between ulinastatin treatment and ou

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Should Transplantation Still Be Considered for Ph1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Transformation?

Mathilde Ruggiu, Bruno Cassinat, Jean‐Jacques Kiladjian et al. · 2020 · Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in transformation have a dismal prognosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered the sole curative therapeutic option. We retrospectively…

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