e-ISSN: Pending

Browse the failure-mode index

11,287 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Inhibition of Classic Signaling Is a Novel Function of Soluble Glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), Which Is Controlled by the Ratio of Interleukin 6 and Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor

Christoph Garbers, Wolfgang Thaiss, Gareth W. Jones et al. · 2011 · Journal of Biological Chemistry

IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) plays a critical role in chronic inflammation and cancer. Soluble gp130 (sgp130) specifically inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling but was described to not interfere with classic signaling via the membrane-bound IL-6R. Physiological and most pathophysiological conditions are characterized by a molar excess of serum sIL-6R over IL-6 characterized by free IL-6 and IL-6 found in IL-6·sIL-6R complexes allowing both classic and trans-signaling. Surprisingly, under these conditions, sgp130 was able to trap all free IL-6 molecules in IL-6·sIL-6R·sg

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Alpha Defensin-1 Biomarker Assay can be Used to Evaluate the Potentially Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty

Joshua S. Bingham, Henry D. Clarke, Mark J. Spangehl et al. · 2014 · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires a complex approach using various laboratory and clinical criteria. A novel approach to diagnosing these infections uses synovial fluid biomarkers. Alpha defensin-1…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors

US Preventive Services Task Force, Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist et al. · 2018 · JAMA

Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by the Framingham Risk Score, the Pooled Cohort Equations, or similar CVD risk assessment models. If current CVD risk assessment models could be improved by adding more risk factors, treatment might be better targeted, thereby maximizing the benefits and minimizing the harms. Objective: To update the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on using nontraditional risk factors in coron

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effect of Lower Tidal Volume Ventilation Facilitated by Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal vs Standard Care Ventilation on 90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

James J. McNamee, Michael Gillies, Nicholas Barrett et al. · 2021 · JAMA

Importance: In patients who require mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, further reduction in tidal volumes, compared with conventional low tidal volume ventilation, may improve outcomes. Objective: To determine…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Neurofilament as a potential biomarker for spinal muscular atrophy

Basil T. Darras, Thomas O. Crawford, Richard S. Finkel et al. · 2019 · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Abstract Objective To evaluate plasma phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain ( pNF ‐H) as a biomarker in spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA ). Methods Levels of pNF ‐H were measured using the ProteinSimple ® platform in plasma samples from…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

A Human Type 5 Adenovirus–Based Tuberculosis Vaccine Induces Robust T Cell Responses in Humans Despite Preexisting Anti-Adenovirus Immunity

Fiona Smaill, Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Marek Smieja et al. · 2013 · Science Translational Medicine

There is an urgent need to develop new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines to safely and effectively boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-triggered T cell immunity in humans. AdHu5Ag85A is a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (AdHu5)-based TB…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Animal origin of 13th-century uterine vellum revealed using noninvasive peptide fingerprinting

Sarah Fiddyment, Bruce Holsinger, Chiara Ruzzier et al. · 2015 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Tissue-thin parchment made it possible to produce the first pocket Bibles: Thousands were made in the 13th century. The source of this parchment, often called "uterine vellum," has been a long-standing controversy in codicology. Use of the…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Failure to Detect the Novel Retrovirus XMRV in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Otto Erlwein, Steve Kaye, Myra O. McClure et al. · 2010 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the US were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV), a virus previously linked to prostate cancer. This finding, if confirmed, would have a profound effect on the understanding and treatment of an incapacitating disease affecting millions worldwide. We have investigated CFS sufferers in the UK to determine if they are carriers of XMRV. METHODOLOGY: Patients in our CFS cohort had undergone medical screening to exclude detectable organi

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Risk Assessment for Atypical Spitzoid Melanocytic Neoplasms Using FISH to Identify Chromosomal Copy Number Aberrations

Pedram Gerami, Richard A. Scolyer, Xiaowei Xu et al. · 2013 · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Risk assessment for atypical Spitz tumors remains an enigma for physicians. Many prognosticators including sentinel lymph node biopsy fail to show the same prognostic significance in these tumors as seen in conventional melanoma. We…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Carotid plaque thickness and carotid plaque burden predict future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adult Americans

Henrik Sillesen, Samantha Sartori, Benjamin Sandholt et al. · 2017 · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging

Introduction: Prediction of cardiovascular events improves using imaging, i.e. coronary calcium score and ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque. This study analysed the predictive value of two ultrasound measures of carotid plaque size:…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Alpha‐synuclein mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes in MSA

Yasmine T. Asi, Julie E. Simpson, Paul R. Heath et al. · 2014 · Glia

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease presenting clinically with parkinsonian, cerebellar, and autonomic features. α-Synuclein (αsyn), encoded by the gene SNCA, is the main constituent of glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) found in oligodendrocytes in MSA, but the methods of its accumulation have not been established. The aim of this study is to investigate alterations in regional and cellular SNCA mRNA expression in MSA as a possible substrate for GCI formation. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed on postmortem br

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Next Generation of Sepsis Clinical Trial Designs

Steven M. Opal, R. Phillip Dellinger, Jean‐Louis Vincent et al. · 2014 · Critical Care Medicine

OBJECTIVE: The developmental pipeline for novel therapeutics to treat sepsis has diminished to a trickle compared to previous years of sepsis research. While enormous strides have been made in understanding the basic molecular mechanisms…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults

US Preventive Services Task Force, David C. Grossman, Susan J. Curry et al. · 2018 · JAMA

Importance: Because of the aging population, osteoporotic fractures are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Approximately 2 million osteoporotic fractures occurred in the United States in 2005,…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Mortality Attributable to 9 Common Infections: Significant Effect of Influenza A, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza B, Norovirus, and Parainfluenza in Elderly Persons

Liselotte van Asten, Cees van den Wijngaard, Wilfrid van Pelt et al. · 2012 · The Journal of Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Because there may be substantial hidden mortality caused by common seasonal pathogens, we estimated the number of deaths in elderly persons attributable to viruses and bacteria for which robust weekly laboratory surveillance…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

What Comes First? Multitissue Involvement Leading to Radiographic Osteoarthritis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Trajectory Analysis Over Four Years in the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Frank W. Roemer, C. Kent Kwoh, Michael J. Hannon et al. · 2015 · Arthritis & Rheumatology

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the presence of structural osteoarthritis (OA) features over as many as 4 years prior to incident radiographic OA increases the risk of radiographic OA in a nested, case-control design. METHODS: We studied 355…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Randomized Trial of Nighttime Physician Staffing in an Intensive Care Unit

Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Dylan S. Small, Elizabeth Cooney et al. · 2013 · New England Journal of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of intensive care units (ICUs) are adopting the practice of nighttime intensivist staffing despite the lack of experimental evidence of its effectiveness. METHODS: We conducted a 1-year randomized trial in an…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Racial Disparities in Postpartum Pain Management

Nevert Badreldin, William A. Grobman, Lynn M. Yee · 2019 · Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate racial and ethnic differences in women's postpartum pain scores, inpatient opioid administration, and discharge opioid prescriptions. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries at a single…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Diffusion and Perfusion MRI to Differentiate Treatment-Related Changes Including Pseudoprogression from Recurrent Tumors in High-Grade Gliomas with Histopathologic Evidence

Alisa J. Prager, Nina Martinez, Kathryn Beal et al. · 2015 · American Journal of Neuroradiology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment-related changes and recurrent tumors often have overlapping features on conventional MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of DWI and DSC perfusion imaging alone and in combination to differentiate treatment-related effects and recurrent high-grade gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 68 consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas treated by surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide, who then developed increasing enhancing mass lesions indeterminate for treatment-related changes versus

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Identification of Therapeutic Benefit from Revascularization in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Lee Fong Ling, Thomas H. Marwick, Demetrio Roland Flores et al. · 2013 · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging

BACKGROUND: Although the recent surgical treatment of ischemic heart failure substudy reported that revascularization of viable myocardium did not improve survival, these results were limited by the viability imaging technique used and the…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer

US Preventive Services Task Force, Douglas K Owens, Karina W. Davidson et al. · 2019 · JAMA

Importance: Breast cancer is the most common nonskin cancer among women in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death. The median age at diagnosis is 62 years, and an estimated 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer at…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Gefitinib Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to First-Line Gefitinib (IMPRESS): Overall Survival and Biomarker Analyses

Tony Mok, Sang‐We Kim, Yi‐Long Wu et al. · 2017 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

Purpose The Iressa Mutation-Positive Multicentre Treatment Beyond ProgRESsion Study (IMPRESS) compared the continuation of gefitinib plus chemotherapy with placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Incidence of Extraarticular Rheumatoid Arthritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1995–2007 Versus 1985–1994: A Population-based Study

Elena Myasoedova, Cynthia S. Crowson, Carl Turesson et al. · 2011 · The Journal of Rheumatology

OBJECTIVE: To assess incidence and mortality effects of extraarticular rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) in patients with incident RA in 1995-2007 compared to 1985-1994, in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. METHODS: Data on incident ExRA were…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Machine learning algorithms performed no better than regression models for prognostication in traumatic brain injury

Benjamin Gravesteijn, Daan Nieboer, Ari Ercole et al. · 2020 · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the added value of common machine learning (ML) algorithms for prediction of outcome for moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We performed logistic regression (LR), lasso…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Preventive or Deferred Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Implantable Defibrillator (BERLIN VT)

Stephan Willems, Roland Richard Tilz, Daniel Steven et al. · 2020 · Circulation

Background: Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) reduces the recurrence of VT in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The appropriate timing of VT ablation and its effects on mortality and heart…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

DPYD Variants as Predictors of 5-fluorouracil Toxicity in Adjuvant Colon Cancer Treatment (NCCTG N0147)

Adam M. Lee, Qian Shi, Emily S. Pavey et al. · 2014 · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested the potential importance of three DPYD variants (DPYD*2A, D949V, and I560S) with increased 5-FU toxicity. Their individual associations, however, in 5-FU-based combination therapies, remain…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of interactive patient smartphone support app on drug adherence and lifestyle changes in myocardial infarction patients: A randomized study

Nina Johnston, Johan Bodegård, Susanna Jerström et al. · 2016 · American Heart Journal

BACKGROUND: Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) seldom reach recommended targets for secondary prevention. This study evaluated a smartphone application ("app") aimed at improving treatment adherence and cardiovascular lifestyle in MI…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Common Questions and Answers.

Angela Kuznia, Anita K Hernandez, Lydia U Lee · 2020 · PubMed

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects 1% to 3% of U.S. adolescents. It is defined by a lateral curvature of the spine (Cobb angle) of at least 10 degrees in the absence of underlying congenital or neuromuscular abnormalities. Adolescent…

View details →