e-ISSN: Pending

Browse the failure-mode index

19,879 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPathology

Interaction of chronic daily headache, dietary intake of iron, and FTO genotype

Yeganeh Shekari, Zahra Mahmoodi, Mohammadtaghi Ghorbani Hesari et al. · 2026 · Molecular Pain

Background: Chronic daily headache (CDH) is known to be a common and debilitating disease that is influenced by genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Iron (Fe) plays a key role in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, while the FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) may play a role in modulating nutritional responses and nutrient metabolism. This study aimed to determine the interaction between CDH odds, dietary iron intake, and FTO genotype. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 150 CDH patients and 150 healthy individuals aged 40–80 years. Participants were assessed for

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Lack of Association Between DJ-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease

Lu He, Suzhen Lin, Hong Pan et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Low DJ-1 protein level caused by DJ-1 gene mutation leads to autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to impaired antioxidative activity. In sporadic PD patients, although mutations were rarely found, lower DJ-1 protein level was also reported. Dysregulation of DJ-1 gene expression might contribute to low DJ-1 protein level. Since the promoter is the most important element to initiate gene expression, whether polymorphisms in the DJ-1 promoter result in the dysregulation of gene expression, thus leading to low protein level and causing PD, is worth exploring. The DJ-1 promoter region w

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the musculoskeletal system

Clinical characteristics and frequency of TLR4 polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Natalia Pereira Machado, Eliana Nogueira, Karen Oseki et al. · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

ABSTRACT Objectives: Innate immunity is involved in the physiopathology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with the participation of Gram-negative bacteria, modulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 and the involvement of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and frequency of TLR4 polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr 399Ile) in a cohort of Brazilian patients with AS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 200 patients with a diagnosis of AS and a healthy control group of 200 in

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

The effect of an educational intervention for university students on violence against the elderly using gamification: a non-randomized clinical trial

Juliana Ribeiro da Silva Vernasque, Miriam Fernanda Sanches Alarcon, Daiana Bonfim et al. · 2025 · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

Objective: to evaluate the impact of a gamified educational intervention on violence against the elderly on the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of university students. Method: a non-randomized clinical trial involving 44 university students from the health sciences, humanities and exact sciences, with 22 in the intervention group and 22 in the control group. The intervention group participated in hybrid activities on gamification applied to the topic of violence against the elderly. The evaluation was conducted using thematic cases validated by experts, with statistical analysis using Chi

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases

Cadmium and selenium blood levels in association with congestive heart failure in diabetic and prediabetic patients: a cross-sectional study from the national health and nutrition examination survey

Renyue Ji, Haisheng Wu, Hongli Lin et al. · 2025 · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background Epidemiological research on the association between heavy metals and congestive heart failure (CHF) in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism is scarce. The study addresses this research gap by examining the link between exposure to heavy metals and the odds of CHF in a population with dysregulated glucose metabolism. Method This cross-sectional study includes 7326 patients with diabetes and prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. The exposure variables are five environmental heavy metals—cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercur

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Renal biomarkers in pre-eclampsia and their associations with severity of pre-eclampsia

Paschalina C Ezechukwu, Emmanuel O Ugwu, Samuel N Obi et al. · 2023 · International Journal of Medicine and Health Development

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and worldwide. It is not yet concluded as to whether or not elevated levels of serum creatinine and/or uric acid could be regarded as a predictive indicator for the severity of the disease. Objectives: To compare the mean serum levels of uric acid and creatinine in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and assess for any associations between these renal biomarkers and the severity of preeclampsia in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study o

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Non-invasive prenatal testing in mitigating concerns from invasive prenatal diagnostic testing: retrospective assessment of utility in an academic healthcare system in the US

Kibum Kim, Linda Kaitlyn Craft · 2022 · BMJ Open

Objective Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a front-line screening for fatal chromosomal aneuploidy. In pregnant women with a risk of having fetal congenital disorders, NIPT is anticipated to reduce the needs of invasive prenatal diagnostic test (IPD). The objective of this study was to understand the acceptance of NIPT and the utility of NIPT to mitigate concerns about IPD in the US high-risk pregnancy management.Design and setting This was a retrospective observational research using healthcare records obtained from an academic healthcare system in the US. The study consisted of site-l

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Population-based cohort study: proton pump inhibitor use during pregnancy in Sweden and the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse events

Esmee M. Breddels, Johanna Simin, Romina Fornes et al. · 2022 · BMC Medicine

Abstract Background Approximately half of all women suffer from heartburn at some stage during pregnancy. The most effective treatment is proton pump inhibitors, but the safety of use during pregnancy cannot be guaranteed. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, an Apgar score at 5 min below 7, and a child being small or large for its gestational age. Methods This Swedish population-based study included 1,089,514 live singleton deliveries between July 2006 and December 2016 in Sweden. Multipl

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the genitourinary system. Urology

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies among HIV Infected Individuals Attending ART Centre at Pune: A Cross-Sectional Study

Manisha Ghate, Pallavi Shidhaye, Shraddha Gurav et al. · 2022 · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

Background : We aimed to determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2021 and June 2021. Demographic and clinical information related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were recorded on structured questionnaires. Blood samples were collected and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using commercial ELISA. Results : Of the 405 HIV infected individuals enrolled in the study, 223(55.1%) were females. Mean age and CD4 count of participants were 42 years (SD: 10) and 626 c

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSpecialties of internal medicine

Association of Serum Uric Acid, Urea Nitrogen, and Urine Specific Gravity Levels at 16–18 Weeks of Gestation with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Li Y, Yu T, Liu Z et al. · 2020 · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Yan Li,1,* Tingwei Yu,2,* Zengyou Liu,2 Hengying Chen,3 Yao Liu,4 Yuanhuan Wei,4 Ruifang Sun,4 Hongmei Zhang,2 Wei Wang,2 Yihua Lu,2 Yingyu Zhou,1 Guifang Deng,4 Zheqing Zhang1 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens

Race, tumor location, and disease progression among low‐risk prostate cancer patients

Justin G. Mygatt, Jennifer Cullen, Samantha A. Streicher et al. · 2020 · Cancer Medicine

Abstract Background The relationship between race, prostate tumor location, and BCR‐free survival is inconclusive. This study examined the independent and joint roles of patient race and tumor location on biochemical recurrence‐free (BCR) survival. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among men with newly diagnosed, biopsy‐confirmed, NCCN‐defined low risk CaP who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from 1996 to 2008. BCR‐free survival was modeled using Kaplan‐Meier estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards (P

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursor With Cerebral Small Vessel Imaging Markers

Yiyi Chen, Yiyi Chen, Yiyi Chen et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Neurology

Background: High plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursor choline have been linked to stroke; however, their association with cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear. Here we evaluated the association of plasma levels of TMAO and choline with imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds.Methods: We performed a baseline cross-sectional analysis of a multicenter hospital-based cohort study from 2015 to 2018. The data were collected from 30 hospitals in China and included 1,098 patients w

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTherapeutics. Pharmacology

Early cognitive decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its relation to driving: an observational study

Tina Taule, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, Jörg Aßmus et al. · 2025 · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective: To determine whether early cognitive function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients predicts future cognitive function and the decision to cease driving. Design: Observational study. Subjects: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: Subjects underwent baseline assessments of cognitive function and driving ability within 4 months of diagnosis, with follow-up evaluation conducted 4 months thereafter. Two hypotheses were tested: (H1) cognitive status remains stable between baseline and follow-up, (H2) patients with baseline cognitive impairment cease driving earlier t

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

Assessing vaccine hesitancy and health literacy using a new Italian vaccine confidence index and a modified Italian medical term recognition test: A cross-sectional survey on Italian parents

Guglielmo Arzilli, Lorenzo Stacchini, Virginia Casigliani et al. · 2023 · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

The decline in children’s vaccination coverage and the resurgence of preventable infectious diseases draw attention to parents’ vaccine hesitancy. Our study introduces two validated tools to independently assess vaccine hesitancy and health literacy among parents with school-age children. We developed a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) from 10 Likert items, exploring their relationships through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We modified the IMETER (Italian medical term recognition test) to measure health literacy. We assessed the internal consistency of the modified IMETER and the

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDermatology

A study on the etiological agent and clinico-mycological correlation of fingernail onychomycosis in eastern India

Das Nilay, Ghosh Pramit, Das Suchibrata et al. · 2008 · Indian Journal of Dermatology

Background: Onychomycosis manifests itself in various forms, notably onychodystrophy, onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, or nail-plate discoloration. Not necessarily nail changes mentioned here should always be of fungal origin. Objective: The present study is planned to get an idea about etiological agent and clinical correlation in fingernail onychomycosis. Materials and Methods: Nail-clipping and subungual debris of patients with above mentioned nail changes were subjected to KOH preparation. Culture was done on SDA and SDCCA media. Species identification was done by colony character, p

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessCytology

No Causal Effect of Telomere Length on Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Weijie Cao, Xingang Li, Xiaoyu Zhang et al. · 2019 · Cells

Background: Epidemiological studies observing inconsistent associations of telomere length (TL) with ischemic stroke (IS) are susceptible to bias according to reverse causation and residual confounding. We aimed to assess the causal association between TL, IS, and the subtypes of IS, including large artery stroke (LAS), small vessel stroke (SVS), and cardioembolic stroke (CES) by performing a series of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Methods: Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were involved as candidate instrumental variables (IVs), summarized from a genome-wide m

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPublic aspects of medicine

The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and hearing loss: results from the Tehran employees Cohort Study

Batoul Ghosn, Leila Azadbakht, Mohammad Reza Monazzam Esmaeilpour et al. · 2024 · BMC Public Health

Abstract Background Despite numerous studies that have explored the association between individual antioxidants or specific combinations and the risk of hearing loss, there is lack of information regarding the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and hearing loss. The conflicting results on this association further highlight the need for more research in this area. This study aims to investigate the association between overall dietary antioxidant intake and the risk of hearing loss among Iranian adults. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 3443 adult participa

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

DIASTASIS RECTI ABDOMINIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN POSTPARTUM WOMEN

Muhammad Hussain Iqbal, Tanveer Hussain, Fariha Khalid et al. · 2020 · Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal

Objective: To determine the frequency of diastasis recti abdominis and its associated risk factors in postpartum women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Omar Medical Center Lahore, Yaseen Medical Center Lahore and Social Security Hospital Lahore, from Sep 2019 to Dec 2019. Methodology: This study included 128 participants fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The assessment of diastasis recti abdominis was done manually by a female physiotherapist using single finger, double finger and three finger methods on abdomen at three levels: at the umbilicus, 4.5 cm bel

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

The Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components with Breast Density

Mohammad Mehrazmay, Ensi Khalili Pouya, Elham Keshavarz · 2021 · Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem in Iran with increasing incidence in the recent years. Breast density is one of the most important risk factors for developing breast cancer. Metabolic syndrome that is defined by the presence of multiple clinical and lab data findings has also been shown to be related with breast cancer.Methods: A sample of 246 cases who referred to Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were selected according to the inclusion criteria and a form was prepared including breast density in the screening mammogram done in our center and recent lab tests including FBS, HDL

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessInfectious and parasitic diseases

Seroprevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: cross-sectional study

Watheq Thabet Taher, Amen A. Bawazir, Talal A. Sallam et al. · 2023 · BMC Infectious Diseases

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their close contact with infected patients. However, the true burden of COVID-19 among HCWs in Yemen is unknown due to the inadequate availability of healthcare and the subclinical nature of the disease. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in two Yemeni governorates and identify associated factors using a cross-sectional design. Method A total of 404 HCWs were surveyed from June 2022 to September 2022 in Lahj and AL-Dhalea hospitals. A self-administere

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lack of impact of OCTN1 gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes of gabapentinoids in Pakistani patients with neuropathic pain.

Abida Shaheen, Syed Mahboob Alam, Fahad Azam et al. · 2022 · PLoS ONE

Background and objective Gabapentinoids are the first-line drugs for neuropathic pain. These drugs are the substrate of organic cation transporter (OCTN1) for renal excretion and absorption across the intestinal epithelium. Gabapentinoids exhibit wide interindividual variability in daily dosage and therapeutic efficacy which makes titration regimens prolonged for optimal efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the possible influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of OCTN1 on therapeutic efficacy and safety of gabapentinoids in neuropathic pain patients of the Pakistani po

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The effect of low serum bicarbonate values on the onset of action of local anesthesia with vertical infraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients with End-stage renal failure

Al-mustafa Mahmoud, Massad Islam, Alsmady Moaath et al. · 2010 · Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation

Vertical infraclavicular brachial plexus block is utilized in patients with chronic renal failure at the time of creation of an arterio-venous fistula (AVF). The aim of this study is to test the effect of impaired renal function, with the resulting deranged serum electrolytes and blood gases, on the success rate and the onset of action of the local anesthetics used. In this prospective clinical study, we investigated the effect of the serum levels of sodium, potassium, urea, crea-tinine, pH, and bicarbonate on the onset of action of a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine administered to create

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

CD57+ EMRA CD8+ T cells in cancer patients over 70: associations with prior chemotherapy and response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy

Cécile Gonnin, Michelle Leemans, Florence Canoui-Poitrine et al. · 2024 · Immunity & Ageing

Abstract Background Immune ageing complicates cancer treatment in older individuals. While immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can reinvigorate T cells, these cells tend to become senescent with age. This study investigates different CD8+ T cell subsets usually associated with senescence, in cancer patients over 70 years old who are undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and examines the relationship between these senescent cells and prior chemotherapy exposure. We analyzed data from the Elderly Cancer Patient (ELCAPA) cohort, which included 35 patients enrolled between March 201

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology

Stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio and gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES database

Yina Piao, Mengxia Jin · 2026 · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: Stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has shown strong correlations with diabetes risk. However, its relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains an area of limited research. Objective: Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, this cross-sectional study aims to explore the association between SHR and GDM. Methods: The study included 461 pregnant women from NHANES between 1999 and 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relation between SHR and GDM, as well as the weighted tertiles of SHR. Strati

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMicrobiology

Prophages are infrequently associated with antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

Tony H. Chang, Julie D. Pourtois, Naomi L. Haddock et al. · 2025 · mSphere

ABSTRACT Lysogenic bacteriophages can integrate their genome into the bacterial chromosome in the form of a prophage and can promote genetic transfer between bacterial strains in vitro. However, the contribution of lysogenic bacteriophages to the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical settings is poorly understood. Here, in a set of 186 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from respiratory cultures from 82 patients with cystic fibrosis, we evaluate the links between prophage counts and both genomic and phenotypic resistance to six anti-pseudomonal antibiotics:

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Essential oil chemical composition, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant effects of Thymus convolutus Klokov in Turkey

Selma Celen Yuceturk, Sumeyye Aydogan Turkoglu, F. Kockar et al. · 2021 · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences

Abstract In this study, the chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of Thymus convolutus Klokov oil and its main compound camphor were investigated. The oil was isolated from T. convolutus using…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

The association between sedentary behavior and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES (2007–2008 to 2015–2020)

Song Cai, SiYu Li, YaShi Zhou et al. · 2024 · BMC Oral Health

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior (SB) may contribute to obesity and lower extremity fluid retention, which may favor the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, linking sedentary behavior to OSA is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between SB and OSA. Methods Three typical questions in the NHANES questionnaire(①The frequency of feeling excessively sleepy per month. ②The frequency of gasping, snorting or stopping breathing per week. ③The frequency of snoring per week.) have been used for the assessment of OSA. A physical activity

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDermatology

Association Between IFN-γ Gene Polymorphisms and IgA Nephropathy in a Chinese Han Population

Jie Gao, Linting Wei, Xinghan Liu et al. · 2017 · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

Background/Aims: IFN-γ was reported to be involved in the development and progression of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), however, few studies have investigated the association between IFN-γ polymorphisms and IgAN. Therefore, we performed a case-control study to assess the association between IFN-γ polymorphisms and the risk of IgAN. Methods: Sequenom MassARRAY was used to genotype two SNPs (rs1861494 and rs2430561) in 351 patients with IgAN and 310 healthy controls. Associations were evaluated as odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: No association was found between

View details →