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19,814 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Deep feature engineering for accurate sperm morphology classification using CBAM-enhanced ResNet50

Şafak Kılıç · 2025 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Male fertility assessment through sperm morphology analysis remains a critical component of reproductive health evaluation, as abnormal sperm morphology is strongly correlated with reduced fertility rates and poor assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Traditional manual analysis performed by embryologists is time-intensive, subjective, and prone to significant inter-observer variability, with studies reporting up to 40% disagreement between expert evaluators. This research presents a novel deep learning framework combining Convolutional Block Attention Module (CB

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prognostic value of liver stiffness measurement vs. biochemical response in primary biliary cholangitis

Yu Jun Wong, Laurent Lam, Pierre‐Antoine Soret et al. · 2025 · Journal of Hepatology

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Both liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and biochemical response have prognostic significance in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the frequency and clinical relevance of discordant biochemical and LSM changes remain unclear. We aim to determine the performance of the most recent or current LSM (LSMc) in predicting first hepatic decompensation (HD) in the setting of discordant biochemical and LSM responses. METHODS: In this international, multicenter study, we included patients with at least two reliable LSM performed at least 6 months apart. Patients

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

CONCUSS randomised clinical trial of vergence/accommodative therapy for concussion-related symptomatic convergence insufficiency

Tara L. Alvarez, Mitchell Scheiman, Farzin Hajebrahimi et al. · 2025 · British Journal of Sports Medicine

OBJECTIVE: The CONCUSS randomised clinical trial compared the effectiveness of immediate office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with movement (OBVAM) to delayed therapy for the treatment of concussion-related convergence insufficiency…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

Benchmarking Large Language Models for Polymer Property Predictions

Sonakshi Gupta, Akhlak Mahmood, Shivank Shukla et al. · 2025 · Macromolecular Rapid Communications

ABSTRACT Machine learning and artificial intelligence have revolutionized polymer science by enhancing the ability to rapidly predict key polymer properties and enabling generative design. The utilization of large language models (LLMs) in polymer informatics may offers additional opportunities for advancement. Unlike traditional methods that depend on large labeled datasets, hand‐crafted representations of the materials, and complex feature engineering, LLM‐based methods utilize natural language inputs via a transfer learning process and eliminate the need for complex representation and finge

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Perceived Stress and Self-Esteem as Significant Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Bangladeshi Male Adults

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Md Tarikul Islam, Muhammad Asaduzzaman · 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

A large body of research has documented that smoking behavior is associated with a number of psychological variables. Weiss, Mouttapa, Cen, Johnson, and Unger (2011) studied a culturally diverse sample of 1,771 adolescents who reported that the risk of smoking initiation was significantly higher among students who scored higher on hostility and depressive symptoms, and were bully-victims. Mykletun, Overland, Aaro, Liabo, and Stewart (2008) carried out a population-based health survey on 60,814 adults aged between 20 to 89 years and reported that anxiety and depression were the most common in c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Market competitiveness and corporate ESG performance

T. Zhang, Chuan Qin, Zhaoying Lu · 2025 · International Review of Economics & Finance

This study investigates the relationship between firm-level market competitiveness and corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

In Search of the First Stars: An Ultra-compact and Very-low-metallicity Lyα Emitter Deep within the Epoch of Reionization

Chris J. Willott, Yoshihisa Asada, Kartheik G. Iyer et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract We present JWST observations of a gravitationally lensed, extremely metal-poor galaxy at redshift z = 8.203 ± 0.001 from the CANUCS survey. Based on the low oxygen to Balmer line ratios, we infer a gas-phase metallicity of 12 + log(O/H) = 6.85 (1.4% solar), making CANUCS-A370-z8-LAE one of the most metal-poor galaxies known at z > 7. The galaxy has a high H β equivalent width of 225 ± 50 Å, small half-light radius of only r hl = 3 8 − 19 + 3 pc, and high star formation rate density of 50–100 M ⊙ yr −1 kpc −2 . The galaxy shows high-equivalent-width Ly α emission with an i

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Ultrasound-Responsive Calcium Copper Phosphate Nanomaterials Induce Tumor Cell Death via the Synergistic Release of Copper and Calcium

Jieling Qin, Zhenqi Jiang · 2026 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Metastatic breast cancer remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to its high invasiveness and resistance to conventional treatments. In this study, an ultrasound-responsive copper-calcium phosphate (Ca19Cu2(PO4)14) nanomaterial is developed for synergistic ion-mediated tumor therapy. The Ca19Cu2(PO4)14 nanomaterials exhibit a uniform morphology and crystalline structure, as well as good colloidal stability. Upon ultrasound irradiation, the release of Cu2+ and Ca2+ is spatiotemporally controlled via mechanical and cavitation effects. In vitro studies using highly metastatic 4T1 cells de

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Dynamic oxygen vacancy engineering on CuO via refreshable catalytic surface for high-efficient water decontamination

Xinyi Zhang, Liangjie Wang, Jian Wei et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications

Oxygen vacancies (Ov) on metal oxide surfaces exhibit high catalytic activity for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in wastewater decontamination, yet their in-situ regeneration remains a significant challenge. This study successfully…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

Association of serum fatty acid pattern with depression in U.S. adults: analysis of NHANES 2011–2012

Hengying Chen, Jue Wang, Baohua Zheng et al. · 2024 · Lipids in Health and Disease

BACKGROUND: Exposure to different concentration levels of fatty acids (FAs) may have an impact on depression. However, previous studies using individual FAs may not reflect the performance of mixtures of various FAs, and the associations of FA patterns with depression remain unclear. METHODS: We conducted the cross-sectional analysis in 792 adults aged 18 and older with available serum FAs and depression screening data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. The serum concentrations of thirty FAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Bilateral hip exoskeleton assistance enables faster walking in individuals with chronic stroke-related gait impairments

Chiara Livolsi, R. Conti, Tommaso Ciapetti et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Millions of individuals surviving a stroke have lifelong gait impairments that reduce their personal independence and quality of life. Reduced walking speed is one of the major problems limiting community mobility and reintegration. Previous studies have shown positive effect of robot-assisted gait training utilizing hip exoskeletons for individuals with gait impairments due to a stroke, leading to increased walking speed in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment assessments. However, no evidence emerged of a significant increasing in walking speed attributable to device usage compared to wa

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Exploring Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Utilising Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Teaching

Muhammad Haziq Saharuddin, M. Khalid M. Nasir, Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud · 2025 · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is a theory that describes the knowledge and skills required by a teacher to integrate technology into their teaching. This study aimed to identify the level of TPACK among primary school…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

SΔϕ-65 — Slop as Externalized Restabilization Cost: AI Slop, Human Slop, Authority Pollution, and the Cost of Re-entry (v1.0)

Sofience · 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

This record provides SΔϕ-65 — Slop as Externalized Restabilization Cost: AI Slop, Human Slop, Authority Pollution, and the Cost of Re-entry (v1.0). SΔϕ-65 defines Slop not by whether it is produced by AI or humans, but by whether low execution or production cost externalizes high verification, rebuttal, correction, interpretation, cleanup, and restabilization cost onto others. The central proposition of this document is: Slop is not defined by the producer. Slop is defined by a cost asymmetry: low execution TCC on the producer side, high restabilization TCC on the receiver, platform, expert, p

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Evaluating the effectiveness of green finance mechanisms, digitalization, globalization, and renewable energy consumption in advancing environmental sustainability in G20 countries

Muhammad Asif, Long Yun-rong, Muhammad Azam Zia et al. · 2025 · Energy & Environment

Climate change, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has emerged as an acute world problem, especially in the Group of Twenty (G20), where CO 2 emissions and other greenhouse gases are accumulating. This research examines how energy…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Amyloid-beta-targeting monoclonal antibodies for people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

Francesco Nonino, Silvia Minozzi, L. Sambati et al. · 2026 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

RATIONALE: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Aggregated amyloid-beta protein deposits are implicated in its pathogenesis. Amyloid-beta-targeting monoclonal antibodies (sometimes represented as Aβ-mAbs) are potentially disease-modifying for Alzheimer's disease: through the clearance of amyloid in the brain, they may slow cognitive and functional decline. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical benefits and harms of amyloid-beta-targeting monoclonal antibodies aducanumab, bapineuzumab, crenezumab, donanemab, gantenerumab, lecanemab, ponezumab,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Unpacking EFL teachers’ perceived opportunities and challenges of multimodal AI-driven language testing

Ali Derakhshan, Gurpinder Singh Lalli, Yujong Park · 2026 · Language Testing in Asia

While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed L2 testing and assessment, empirical research into how EFL practitioners perceive the specific opportunities and challenges of these tools remains limited. To address this…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Pedagogical partnerships with generative AI in higher education: how dual cognitive pathways paradoxically enable transformative learning

Shaofeng Wang, Hao Zhang · 2026 · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Abstract The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into higher education has precipitated a critical tension between the pursuit of efficiency and the imperative for deep, transformative learning. While GenAI offers unprecedented speed in knowledge processing, it raises concerns that efficiency-driven motivations may erode the cognitive struggle essential for intellectual growth. This study investigates how Human-GenAI pedagogical partnerships influence transformative learning through the dual cognitive pathways of vigilance and offloading, moderated by efficiency ori

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Are we on the same wavelength? Supervisor-subordinate cognitive style congruence and its association with supervisors’ self-awareness through leader member exchange

Faisal AlReshaid, Alper Ertürk, Razan Alkhayyat et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Psychology

Introduction: Leaders' self-awareness is essential to leadership effectiveness. Cognitive styles-how individuals perceive and process information-are key factors in fostering self-awareness. Drawing on Social Identity Theory (SIT), this study explores whether cognitive style congruence between supervisors and subordinates enhances supervisors' self-awareness, and whether Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) mediates this relationship. Methods: We used a time-lagged dyadic design and multilevel polynomial regression to analyze data from 189 subordinates and 36 supervisors. Cognitive styles were measure

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

The ACT-DR5 MCMF galaxy cluster catalog

Matthias Klein, J. J. Mohr, C. T. Davies · 2024 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

Galaxy clusters are useful cosmological probes and interesting astrophysical laboratories. As the cluster samples continue to grow in size, a deeper understanding of the sample characteristics and improved control of systematics becomes more crucial. For this analysis we created a new and larger ACT-DR5-based thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect- (tSZE-) selected galaxy cluster catalog with improved control over sample purity and completeness. We employed the red sequence based cluster redshift and confirmation tool MCMF together with optical imaging data from the Legacy Survey DR-10 and infrared

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Hierarchical interactions between sensory cortices defy predictive coding

Jacob A. Westerberg, Pieter R. Roelfsema · 2025 · Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Perceptual experience depends on recurrent interactions between lower and higher cortices. One theory, predictive coding, posits that feedback from higher to lower brain regions decreases neuronal activity predicted by higher-level representations. Despite the widespread adoption of predictive coding in neuroscience, the correspondence to neurophysiological findings in sensory cortices remains elusive. Here, we review how the canonical patterns of intra- and inter-cortical interactions that occur during perception and shifts of attention deviate from those predicted by predictive coding. We ar

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Enhancing corporate competitiveness: leveraging CSR, creative self-efficacy, and behavior for competitive advantage

Abdulalem Mohammed, Abdullah Kaid Al‐Swidi, Mohammed A. Al-Hakimi et al. · 2025 · Discover Sustainability

The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and competitive advantage (CA) has become more critical than ever for firms, particularly in the hospitality and other service industries, during times of crisis. This study…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Integrative Genomics and Precision Breeding for Stress-Resilient Cotton: Recent Advances and Prospects

Zahra Ghorbanzadeh, Bahman Panahi, Leila Purhang et al. · 2025 · Agronomy

Developing climate-resilient and high-quality cotton cultivars remains an urgent challenge, as the key target traits yield, fibre properties, and stress tolerance are highly polygenic and strongly influenced by genotype–environment interactions. Recent advances in chromosome-scale genome assemblies, pan-genomics, and haplotype-resolved resequencing have greatly enhanced the capacity to identify causal variants and recover non-reference alleles linked to fibre development and environmental adaptation. Parallel progress in functional genomics and precision genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Iteration of Tumor Organoids in Drug Development: Simplification and Integration

Rui Zhao, Qiushi Feng, Yangyang Xia et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals

The inherent complexity and heterogeneity of tumors pose substantial challenges for the development of effective oncology therapeutics. Organoids, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, have become essential tools for predicting therapeutic responses and advancing precision oncology, with established correlations to clinical outcomes in patient-derived models. These systems have transformed preclinical drug screening by bridging the gap between conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and in vivo models, preserving tumor histopathology, cellular heterogeneity, and patient-specific molecular

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Constructing biomimetic microenvironments for liver regeneration

Yawen Zhu, Wanqi Yang, Zhong‐Xia Wang et al. · 2025 · Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Liver regeneration is a sophisticated biological process influenced by a complex microenvironment that becomes profoundly altered in various pathological conditions. Current therapeutic approaches, including liver transplantation and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Evaluating the Interactive and Transformative Role of Innovation, Education, Human Capital and Natural Resources Policies in Protecting and Sustaining Environmental Sustainability

Jing Zeng, Ali Punjwani · 2025 · Sustainability

Achieving environmental sustainability remains a critical challenge for governments worldwide, particularly within the G20 bloc, due to rapid urbanization, resource-intensive industrial activities, and the environmental pressures associated with globalization. Despite various efforts, ecological degradation continues to escalate, necessitating a deeper understanding of the factors influencing environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of technological innovation (TLI), education (EDU), human capital (HMC), and natural resources (NTS) in shaping ecological sustainability, wh

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Sex-Specific Associations of Total Bilirubin, ALBI, and PALBI with Lung Cancer Risk: Interactions with Smoking and Alcohol

Jong Won Shin, Minh Nguyen Thien, Sun Ha Jee · 2025 · Healthcare

Background: Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant that plays a key role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation, both closely linked to lung carcinogenesis. This study reinterprets the ALBI (Albumin–Bilirubin) and PALBI (Platelet–Albumin–Bilirubin) indices as composite markers of antioxidant and inflammatory status and evaluates their associations with lung cancer risk by sex, including stratified analyses by major lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use. Methods: This study utilized data from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) cohort, which included 133,6

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Diagnostic challenges in hemangioblastoma: lessons from a rare case presentation

Jayeshkumar Kanani · 2025 · The Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery : the official publication of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons/Egyptian journal of neurosurgery

Abstract Background Hemangioblastomas are rare, slow-growing benign neoplasms predominantly affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Despite their benign nature, they pose diagnostic challenges due to their diverse clinical manifestations and radiological features. Case presentation. A 40-year-old male presented with chronic headaches and diplopia persisting for 8 years. Initial MRI revealed two cystic lesions in the cerebellum, causing compression and herniation. Surgical removal of one cyst yielded inconclusive results. Follow-up MRIs showed cyst growth and syrinx development. The patient

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