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19,814 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Trait mindful awareness predicts inter-brain coupling but not individual brain responses during naturalistic face-to-face interactions

Yi‐Ping Phoebe Chen, Ulrich Kirk, Suzanne Dikker · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology

In recent years, the possible benefits of mindfulness meditation have sparked much public and academic interest. Mindfulness emphasizes cultivating awareness of our immediate experience and has been associated with compassion, empathy, and various other prosocial traits. However, neurobiological evidence pertaining to the prosocial benefits of mindfulness in social settings is sparse. In this study, we investigate neural correlates of trait mindful awareness during naturalistic dyadic interactions, using both intra-brain and inter-brain measures. We used the Muse headset, a portable electroenc

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

4-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase (ABAT): Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence for an Involvement in Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

Johan Jirholt, Bengt Åsling, Paul Hammond et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is partly caused by genetic factors. The underlying susceptibility genes are currently unknown, with the exception of COL3A1. We used three independent GERD patient cohorts to identify GERD susceptibility genes. Thirty-six families, demonstrating dominant transmission of GERD were subjected to whole genome microsatellite genotyping and linkage analysis. Five linked regions were identified. Two families shared a linked region (LOD 3.9 and 2.0) on chromosome 16. We used two additional independent GERD patient cohorts, one consisting of 219 trios (affected

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Kinetics of the West Nile virus induced transcripts of selected cytokines and Toll-like receptors in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Muhammad Jasim Uddin, Willy W. Suen, Angela M. Bosco‐Lauth et al. · 2016 · Veterinary Research

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most common causes of epidemic viral encephalitis in horses worldwide. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are amongst the first to encounter the virus following a mosquito bite. This study aimed to elucidate the transcription kinetics of cytokine, Toll-like receptor (TLRs) and TLRs-associated genes following WNV challenge of equine PBMCs. PBMCs were challenged with an Australian strain of WNV (WNVNSW2011) and transcriptomes were quantified at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-infection (pi) using qRT-PCR. Type I and II interferons (IFNα, β and γ) mRNA transcrip

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Topological requirements of the mitochondrial heavy-strand promoters

Ornella Zollo, Neal Sondheimer · 2017 · Transcription

In vitro studies of mitochondrial transcription often use linear templates that fail to replicate key features of transcription on a circular genome. We developed a plasmid-based system for the analysis of heavy-strand promoters that…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Bidirectional Associations of Adolescents’ Momentary Social Media Use and Negative Emotions

Tyler Colasante, Katie Faulkner, Dana Kharbotli et al. · 2024 · Affective Science

Abstract Public discourse and empirical studies have predominantly focused on the negative repercussions of social media on adolescents’ mental health. However, pervasive social media use is a relatively new phenomenon—its apparent harms have been widely accepted before sufficient longitudinal and experimental research has been conducted. The present study used an intensive longitudinal design (four assessments/day × 14 days; N = 154 12- to 15-year-olds ( M age = 13.47, SD = 0.58); N = 6,240 valid measurement occasions) to test the directionality of social media–negative emotion links in early

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Alexithymia and the Evaluation of Emotionally Valenced Scenes

Sarah N. Rigby, Lorna S. Jakobson, Pauline M. Pearson et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Psychology

Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings (DIF and DDF) and an externally-oriented thinking style (EOT). The primary aim of the present study was to investigate links between alexithymia and the evaluation of emotional scenes. We also investigated whether viewers’ evaluations of emotional scenes were better predicted by specific alexithymic traits or by individual differences in sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). Participants (N = 106) completed measures of alexithymia and SPS along with a task requiring speeded judgments of the ple

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Negative / Null Result Report

Funding source and primary outcome changes in clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov are associated with the reporting of a statistically significant primary outcome: a cross-sectional study

Sreeram V Ramagopalan, Andrew P. Skingsley, Lahiru Handunnetthi et al. · 2015 · F1000Research

Background : We and others have shown a significant proportion of interventional trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov have their primary outcomes altered after the listed study start and completion dates. The objectives of this study…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Ex vivo infection model for Francisella using human lung tissue

Kristin Köppen, Diana Fatykhova, Gudrun Holland et al. · 2023 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Introduction Tularemia is mainly caused by Francisella tularensis ( Ft ) subsp. tularensis ( Ftt ) and Ft subsp. holarctica ( Ftt ) in humans and in more than 200 animal species including rabbits and hares. Human clinical manifestations depend on the route of infection and range from flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia with a mortality rate up to 60% without treatment. So far, only 2D cell culture and animal models are used to study Francisella virulence , but the gained results are transferable to human infections only to a certain extent. Method In this study, we firstly established an ex

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Data-driven profiles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using objective and ecological measures of attention, distractibility, and hyperactivity

Pilar Fernández‐Martín, Rocío Rodríguez‐Herrera, Rosa Cánovas et al. · 2023 · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

In the past two decades, the traditional nosology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been criticized for having insufficient discriminant validity. In line with current trends, in the present study, we combined a data-driven approach with the advantages of virtual reality aiming to identify novel behavioral profiles of ADHD based on ecological and performance-based measures of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. One hundred and ten Spanish-speaking participants (6-16 years) with ADHD (medication-naïve, n = 57) and typically developing participants (n = 53) complete

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Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

Neuroscientific, Neuropsychological, and Psychological Evidence Comparably Impact Legal Decision Making: Implications for Experts and Legal Practitioners

Casey LaDuke, Benjamin Locklair, Kirk Heilbrun · 2018 · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice

Neuroscientific evidence is assuming an increasingly prominent role in criminal law, where it has considerable potential for affecting legal decision making. Our understanding of this effect is currently limited. Research initially…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Mutations in matrix and SP1 repair the packaging specificity of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 mutant by reducing the association of Gag with spliced viral RNA

Natalia Ristic, Mario P. S. Chin · 2010 · Retrovirology

BACKGROUND: The viral genome of HIV-1 contains several secondary structures that are important for regulating viral replication. The stem-loop 1 (SL1) sequence in the 5' untranslated region directs HIV-1 genomic RNA dimerization and packaging into the virion. Without SL1, HIV-1 cannot replicate in human T cell lines. The replication restriction phenotype in the SL1 deletion mutant appears to be multifactorial, with defects in viral RNA dimerization and packaging in producer cells as well as in reverse transcription of the viral RNA in infected cells. In this study, we sought to characterize SL

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Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

How literary can literariness be?

Massimo Salgaro · 2015 · Scientific Study of Literature

In literary theory, there are two common proposals about the nature of literature: that literariness is a distinctive characteristic of literary texts and that literariness is mostly characterized by highly foregrounded textual features.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

X-Ray Polarization of the Magnetar 1E 1841−045

R. J. Stewart, George Younes, A. K. Harding et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Abstract We report on IXPE and NuSTAR observations beginning 40 days after the 2024 outburst onset of magnetar 1E 1841−045, marking the first IXPE observation of a magnetar in an enhanced state. Our spectropolarimetric analysis indicates that both a blackbody (BB) plus double power-law (PL) and a double blackbody plus power-law spectral model fit the phase-averaged intensity data well, with a hard PL tail (Γ = 1.19 and 1.35, respectively) dominating above ≈5 keV. For the former model, we find the soft PL (the dominant component at soft energies) exhibits a polarization degree (PD) of ≈30% whil

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Ecosystem integration of marine conservation and coastal development in Taiwan

Y C Shih · 2026 · Frontiers in Environmental Science

To assess the systematic integration of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs) into Taiwan’s coastal and marine governance frameworks to balance marine conservation and coastal development. The study adopts a comparative mixed-methods design that combines quantitative statistical analysis of spatial and ecological-economic data with qualitative policy analysis of the two selected governance frameworks. The comparative aspect of the research design explores the performance of multiple hub cases across temporal, spatial and multimodal aspects,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Harnessing Novel Tetra-Synergistic Bilosomes for Effective Otomycosis Management: Integrated In-Vitro, Microbiological and In-vivo Studies

Abdurrahman M. Fahmy, Osama Saher, Heba Attia et al. · 2026 · AAPS PharmSciTech

Abstract This study introduces and statistically optimizes novel Tetra-Synergistic Bilosomes (TSB), an advanced nano-platform for topical delivery of voriconazole (VOR) in otomycosis therapy. The term “Tetra-Synergistic” reflects the incorporation of four complementary components: Cremophor® EL, sodium deoxycholate, Brij® 58, and Brij® S2, working in synergy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. TSB was fabricated using the thin-film hydration method and optimized through a 2 3 D-optimal design. Three formulation factors were investigated: Cremophor® EL: VOR ratio, sodium deoxycholate: cholesterol

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Marketing Campaigns through Conversion Rates and Engagement Levels Using ANOVA and Chi-Square Tests

Untung Rahardja · 2025 · Journal of Digital Market and Digital Currency.

This study investigates the effectiveness of various digital marketing campaign types—Awareness, Conversion, and Retention—on conversion rates and engagement levels. Using a dataset of 8,000 records, we conducted a comprehensive analysis through ANOVA, Chi-Square tests, and OLS regression to understand the impact of these campaign types. The ANOVA results indicated no significant differences in conversion rates across the campaign types, with an F-statistic of 0.4752 and a p-value of 0.6218. Similarly, the analysis for engagement levels, measured by website visits, yielded an F-statistic of 0.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Five‐Year Unified Risk Prediction Model for Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Based on Nationwide Health Check‐Up Data in Japan: J‐GESS Score

Kenta Watanabe, Sho Fukuda, Dai Kubota et al. · 2026 · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In Japan, gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) account for nearly all fatal upper gastrointestinal malignancies. A unified model that simultaneously predicts the incidence of these two…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Gut microbiome and its metabolites in liver cirrhosis: mechanisms and clinical implications

Luyuan Chang, Yang Liu, Haipeng Li et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Cirrhosis remains a significant global health burden, causing approximately 1.4-1.5 million deaths each year and contributing to nearly 46 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Increasing evidence identifies the gut-liver axis as a central driver of disease progression, wherein intestinal dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and microbe-derived metabolites collectively exacerbate inflammation, fibrogenesis, and related complications. Across more than 40 recent studies, gut microbial α-diversity declined by 30-60%, and over 80% reported a marked depletion of short-chain fatty acid

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The Evolution and Future Directions of PBPK Modeling in FDA Regulatory Review

Yong Li, Henry Sun, Zuoli Zhang · 2025 · Pharmaceutics

Background: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical approach that integrates human physiological parameters with drug-specific characteristics (including both active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients), and it has emerged as one of the core technologies for optimizing the efficiency and reliability of drug development. Methods: This study synthesizes applications of PBPK models in FDA-approved drugs (2020–2024), systematically analyzing model utilization frequency, indication distribution, application domains and choice of modeling platforms, to reveal th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

A 3D spheroid model for assessing nanocarrier-based drug delivery to solid tumors

Chitra Yadav, Alexander S. Evtushenko, Andrea Bistrović et al. · 2025 · npj Biomedical Innovations.

3D spheroid culture has emerged as a valuable tool for studying complex intratumoral processes and screening novel therapeutics in vitro. However, spheroids face reproducibility and data interpretation issues, which limit their utility. This work describes a simple and reproducible co-culture spheroid model compatible with high-throughput screening designed to study pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly therapy-resistant cancer. These spheroids, composed of both cancer and stromal cells, recapitulate key features of PDAC which are difficult to study in traditional 2D cell culture,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety of Natural Antibiotics

Andrei Teodor Matei, Anita Ioana Vișan · 2025 · Antibiotics

The growing ineffectiveness of common antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogens has made antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a serious global health concern. This review emphasizes that natural antibiotics from animals, bacteria, fungi, and plants are worthy alternatives for combating this crisis. Evolutionary pressure has shaped these molecules, leading to antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can withstand single-target synthetic drugs but are vulnerable to multiple attack pathways (e.g., cell wall disruption, protein synthesis inhibition, biofilm interference) from natural compounds. Natura

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Precision fMRI reveals that the language network exhibits adult-like left-hemispheric lateralization by 4 years of age

Ola Ozernov‐Palchik, Amanda O’Brien, Elizabeth Jiachen Lee et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications

In adults, left hemisphere (LH) damage often leads to aphasia, but many cases of early damage leave linguistic processing intact, with a functional language system developing in the right hemisphere. To explain this early apparent equipotentiality of the two hemispheres for language, some have proposed that the language system is more bilateral during early development and becomes increasingly left-lateralized with age. We examined language lateralization using fMRI in two large developmental cohorts (total n=273 children aged 4-16 years; n=107 adults). Strong, adult-like LH lateralization (in

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