Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Rezzy Eko Caraka, Youngjo Lee, Robert Kurniawan et al. · 2020 · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
COVID-19 has a severe and widespread impact, especially in Indonesia. COVID-19 was first reported in Indonesia on March 03, 2020 then rapidly spread to all 34 provinces by April 09, 2020. Since then, COVID-19 is declared a state of…
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Belinda van Heerwaarden, Carla M. Sgrò · 2021 · Nature Communications
Forecasting which species/ecosystems are most vulnerable to climate warming is essential to guide conservation strategies to minimize extinction. Tropical/mid-latitude species are predicted to be most at risk as they live close to their upper critical thermal limits (CTLs). However, these assessments assume that upper CTL estimates, such as CTmax, are accurate predictors of vulnerability and ignore the potential for evolution to ameliorate temperature increases. Here, we use experimental evolution to assess extinction risk and adaptation in tropical and widespread Drosophila species. We find t
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Jean‐Marie Baland, Pranab Bardhan, Sanghamitra Das et al. · 2010 · Economic Development and Cultural Change
We investigate determinants of household firewood collection in rural Nepal, using 1995-96 and 2002-3 World Bank Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) data. We incorporate village fixed effects, endogenous censoring, measurement error…
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Yi Wang, Melissa Eliot, Petros Koutrakis et al. · 2014 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution, particularly from traffic, has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes, but the association with depressive symptoms remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between exposure to ambient air and traffic pollution and the presence of depressive symptoms among 732 Boston-area adults ≥ 65 years of age (78.1 ± 5.5 years, mean ± SD). METHODS: We assessed depressive symptoms during home interviews using the Revised Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). We estimated residential distance to the nearest ma
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Markéta Zímová, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs et al. · 2014 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
As duration of snow cover decreases owing to climate change, species undergoing seasonal colour moults can become colour mismatched with their background. The immediate adaptive solution to this mismatch is phenotypic plasticity, either in…
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J. Howard Choat, O. Selma Klanten, Lynne van Herwerden et al. · 2012 · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolutionary relationships among 61 of the 70 species of the parrotfish genera Chlorurus and Scarus (Family Labridae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences retrieved 15 well-supported clades…
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Jenna R. Krall, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell et al. · 2016 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Determining which sources of PM2.5 are most toxic can help guide targeted reduction of PM2.5. However, conducting multicity epidemiologic studies of sources is difficult because source-specific PM2.5 is not directly measured, and source chemical compositions can vary between cities. OBJECTIVES: We determined how the chemical composition of primary ambient PM2.5 sources varies across cities. We estimated associations between source-specific PM2.5
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Sara O.I. Ramirez-Gomez, Carlos A. Torres-Vitolas, Kate Schreckenberg et al. · 2015 · Ecosystem Services
Over the last two decades indigenous peoples in the lower Caquetá River basin in Colombia have experienced detrimental changes in the provision of important ecosystem services in ways that have significant implications for the maintenance of their traditional livelihoods. To assess these changes we conducted eight participatory mapping activities and convened 22 focus group discussions. We focused the analysis on two types of change: (1) changes in the location of ecosystem services provisioning areas and (2) changes in the stock of ecosystem services. The focal ecosystem services include serv
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Arnaud Bataille, Scott D. Cashins, Laura F. Grogan et al. · 2015 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding
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Elizabeth Richardson, Jamie Pearce, Niamh Shortt et al. · 2017 · Environmental Research
INTRODUCTION: Poor mental health in childhood has implications for health and wellbeing in later life. Natural space may benefit children's social, emotional and behavioural development. We investigated whether neighbourhood natural space and private garden access were related to children's developmental change over time. We asked whether relationships differed between boys and girls, or by household educational status. METHODS: were modelled to quantify their independent contributions to SDQ score change over time. RESULTS: Private garden access was strongly related to most SDQ domains, while
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Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Massimo Stafoggia, Gudrun Weinmayr et al. · 2017 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: ); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: =0.04]. CONCLUSI
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Tobias Ceulemans, Carly Stevens, Luc Duchateau et al. · 2014 · Global Change Biology
Nutrient pollution presents a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. In terrestrial ecosystems, the deleterious effects of nitrogen pollution are increasingly understood and several mitigating environmental policies have been…
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Kevin J. Gaston, Daniel T. C. Cox, Sonia B. Canavelli et al. · 2018 · BioScience
Although there is a diversity of concerns about recent persistent declines in the abundances of many species, the implications for the associated delivery of ecosystem services to people are surprisingly poorly understood. In principle, there are a broad range of potential functional relationships between the abundance of a species or group of species and the magnitude of ecosystem-service provision. Here, we identify the forms these relationships are most likely to take. Focusing on the case of birds, we review the empirical evidence for these functional relationships, with examples of suppor
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Kaoping Zhang, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo, Yong‐Guan Zhu et al. · 2020 · mSystems
Both space and time are key factors that regulate microbial community, but microbial temporal variation is often ignored at a large spatial scale. In this study, we compared spatial and seasonal effects on bacterial and fungal diversity variation across an 878-km transect and found direct evidence that space is far more important than season in regulating the soil microbial community. Partitioning the effect of season, space and environmental variables on microbial community, we further found that fast-changing environmental factors contributed to microbial temporal variation.
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Xiaoyan Ma, Kevin S. Bartlett, K. Harmon et al. · 2013 · Atmospheric measurement techniques
Abstract. Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) provide global vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties for the first time. In this study, we employed about 6 yr (2006–2011) of CALIPSO level 3 monthly mean gridded aerosol optical depth (AOD) products (daytime and nighttime) for cloud-free conditions, to compare with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra/Aqua level 3 monthly mean AOD dataset for the same time period. While the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of CALIPSO AOD is generally consistent with that of
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Stefano Zauli Sajani, Rossella Miglio, Paolo Bonasoni et al. · 2010 · Occupational and Environmental Medicine
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between Saharan dust outbreaks and natural, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. METHODS: A case-crossover design was adopted to assess the effects of Saharan dust days (SDD) on mortality in…
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François Waldner, Diego de Abelleyra, Santiago R. Verón et al. · 2016 · International Journal of Remote Sensing
Accurate cropland information is of paramount importance for crop monitoring. This study compares five existing cropland mapping methodologies over five contrasting Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites of medium to large average field size using the time series of 7-day 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mean composites (red and near-infrared channels). Different strategies were devised to assess the accuracy of the classification methods: confusion matrices and derived accuracy indicators with and without equalizing class proportions, asse
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Katri Korpela, María del Mar Delgado, Heikki Henttonen et al. · 2012 · Global Change Biology
Small rodents are key species in many ecosystems. In boreal and subarctic environments, their importance is heightened by pronounced multiannual population cycles. Alarmingly, the previously regular rodent cycles appear to be collapsing…
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L Thibaut, Sean R. Connolly, Hugh Sweatman · 2011 · Ecology
Biodiversity may provide insurance against ecosystem collapse by stabilizing assemblages that perform particular ecological functions (the "portfolio effect"). However, the extent to which this occurs in nature and the importance of…
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Adeline Fayolle, Michael Swaine, Jean‐François Bastin et al. · 2014 · Journal of Biogeography
Abstract Aim In this study we identified large‐scale variation in tree species composition across tropical African forests and determined the underlying environmental and historical factors. Location Tropical forests from Senegal to…
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Lee Tryhorn, Art Degaetano · 2010 · International Journal of Climatology
Abstract Accurate estimates of local changes in extreme precipitation are valuable for informing local policy decisions and estimating potential impacts on areas such as health, infrastructure, ecosystems and agriculture. To bridge the gap…
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Ai Milojevic, Ben Armstrong, Masahiro Hashizume et al. · 2011 · Epidemiology
BACKGROUND: There is little information available on nontraumatic health risks as the result of floods, and on the factors that determine vulnerability to them (especially in low-income settings). We estimated the pattern of mortality,…
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Mingshu Wang, Neil Debbage · 2021 · Computers Environment and Urban Systems
Traffic congestion is an ever-increasing issue across urban environments in the US. One potential mitigation strategy is to improve our understanding of how the geographical patterns of urban land use influence congestion. Unfortunately, there is no consensus regarding if more sprawling or dense urban morphologies help mitigate congestion issues. To potentially clarify the conflicting findings of previous studies, we used a detailed spatial metric-based approach and panel regression to quantify the relationships between urban development patterns and congestion in 98 US urban areas from 2001 t
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Boris Worm, Sara Orofino, Echelle S. Burns et al. · 2024 · Science
Over the past two decades, sharks have been increasingly recognized among the world's most threatened wildlife and hence have received heightened scientific and regulatory scrutiny. Yet, the effect of protective regulations on shark…
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Rahul Gondalia, Antoine Baldassari, Katelyn M. Holliday et al. · 2019 · Environment International
DNA methylation (DNAm) may contribute to processes that underlie associations between air pollution and poor health. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate associations between DNAm and ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM)…
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Michael J. Ford, M. Bradley Hanson, Jennifer A. Hempelmann et al. · 2011 · Journal of Heredity
We used data from 78 individuals at 26 microsatellite loci to infer parental and sibling relationships within a community of fish-eating ("resident") eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca). Paternity analysis involving 15…
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Markus Brinkmann, Sibylle Maletz, Martin Krauß et al. · 2014 · Environmental Science & Technology
Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (hetero-PAHs) are increasingly studied at contaminated sites; especially at former industrial facilities where coal tar-oil was handled, e.g., wood treatment plants, high concentrations of hetero-PAHs are…
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Michael A. Litzow, Mary E. Hunsicker · 2016 · Ecosphere
Abstract Early warning signals ( EWS ) might dramatically improve our ability to manage nonlinear ecological change. However, the degree to which theoretical EWS predictions are supported in empirical systems remains unclear. The goal of this study is to make recommendations for identifying the types of ecological transitions that are expected to show EWS . We conducted a review and meta‐analysis of published studies and comparative analysis of eight northeast Pacific Ocean time series to illustrate the importance of testing for nonlinearity in empirical EWS studies. We found that published st
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Brent B. Hughes, M. D. Levey, Monique C. Fountain et al. · 2015 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Coastal ecosystems provide numerous important ecological services, including maintenance of biodiversity and nursery grounds for many fish species of ecological and economic importance. However, human population growth has led to increased…
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Eric E. Knapp, J. Morgan Varner, Matt D. Busse et al. · 2011 · International Journal of Wildland Fire
Mechanical mastication converts shrub and small tree fuels into surface fuels, and this method is being widely used as a treatment to reduce fire hazard. The compactness of these fuelbeds is thought to moderate fire behaviour, but whether…
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