165 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Environmental Science · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
Lenore Fahrig · 2020 · Global Ecology and Biogeography
Abstract Background The principle that a single large habitat patch should hold more species than several small patches totalling the same area (SL > SS) is used by conservation agencies to favour protection of large, contiguous areas.…
View details →Matthew C. Yates, Dylan J. Fraser, Alison M. Derry · 2019 · Environmental DNA
Abstract The use of eDNA to detect the presence/absence of rare or invasive species is well documented and its use in biodiversity monitoring is expanding. Preliminary laboratory research has also shown a positive correlation between the concentration of species‐specific eDNA particles and the density/biomass of a species in a given environment. However, the extent to which these results can be extended to natural environments has yet to be formally quantified. We collated data from experiments that examined the correlation between eDNA and two metrics of abundance (biomass and density) and, u
View details →Matthew W. Christensen, William K. Jones, Philip Stier · 2020 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Anthropogenic aerosols are hypothesized to enhance planetary albedo and offset some of the warming due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere. Aerosols can enhance the coverage, reflectance, and lifetime of warm low-level clouds. However, the relationship between cloud lifetime and aerosol concentration has been challenging to measure from polar orbiting satellites. We estimate two timescales relating to the formation and persistence of low-level clouds over [Formula: see text] spatial domains using multiple years of geostationary satellite observations provided by the Clouds
View details →G. Brooke Anderson, Francesca Dominici, Yun Wang et al. · 2013 · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
RATIONALE: The heat-related risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases among the elderly has not been quantified in the United States on a national scale. With climate change predictions of more frequent and more intense heat waves,…
View details →Emily S. Darling, Tim R. McClanahan, Isabelle M. Côté · 2013 · Global Change Biology
Climate change is reshaping biological communities against a background of existing human pressure. Evaluating the impacts of multiple stressors on community dynamics can be particularly challenging in species-rich ecosystems, such as…
View details →A. David M. Latham, M. Cecilia Latham, Mark S. Boyce et al. · 2011 · Ecological Applications
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations are declining across most of their range. Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) is believed to be the main proximate cause of these declines. However, it has been hypothesized that…
View details →Conrad Wasko, Ashish Sharma · 2017 · Scientific Reports
There is overwhelming consensus that the intensity of heavy precipitation events is increasing in a warming world. It is generally expected such increases will translate to a corresponding increase in flooding. Here, using global data sets for non-urban catchments, we investigate the sensitivity of extreme daily precipitation and streamflow to changes in daily temperature. We find little evidence to suggest that increases in heavy rainfall events at higher temperatures result in similar increases in streamflow, with most regions throughout the world showing decreased streamflow with higher tem
View details →Paul A. Dirmeyer, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Eleanor Blyth et al. · 2021 · AGU Advances
Abstract The 2018 drought and heatwave over northern Europe were exceptional, with unprecedented forest fires in Sweden, searing heat in Germany and water restrictions in England. Monthly, daily, and hourly data from ERA5, verified with in situ soil water content and surface flux measurements, are examined to investigate the subseasonal‐to‐seasonal progression of the event and the diurnal evolution of tropospheric profiles over Britain to quantify the anomalous land surface contribution to heat and drought. Data suggest the region entered an unprecedented condition of becoming a “hot spot” for
View details →Thomas Bell · 2010 · The ISME Journal
Community similarity declines with increasing geographic distance if species tend to be locally adapted or if they are dispersal limited. The distance-decay of similarity has been shown for bacteria previously, but distinguishing between…
View details →Laure Gallien, Marta Carboni · 2016 · Ecography
Alien species are continually introduced in most regions of the world, but not all survive and coexist with the resident native species. Approaches analyzing the functional (or phylogenetic) similarity between invasive species and native…
View details →Kate Osborne, Andrew M. Dolman, Scott C. Burgess et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE
Coral reef ecosystems worldwide are under pressure from chronic and acute stressors that threaten their continued existence. Most obvious among changes to reefs is loss of hard coral cover, but a precise multi-scale estimate of coral cover dynamics for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is currently lacking. Monitoring data collected annually from fixed sites at 47 reefs across 1300 km of the GBR indicate that overall regional coral cover was stable (averaging 29% and ranging from 23% to 33% cover across years) with no net decline between 1995 and 2009. Subregional trends (10-100 km) in hard coral w
View details →Thomas M. Newsome, Luigi Boitani, Guillaume Chapron et al. · 2016 · Mammal Review
Abstract Grey wolves Canis lupus have been studied extensively, but there has been no detailed review of the species’ feeding ecology, despite growing debate about how to conserve wolf populations while limiting their impacts on wild or…
View details →Athena Linos, Athanassios Petralias, Costas A. Christophi et al. · 2011 · Environmental Health
BACKGROUND: Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen when inhaled, but its carcinogenic potential when orally ingested remains controversial. Water contaminated with hexavalent chromium is a worldwide problem, making this a question of significant public health importance. METHODS: We conducted an ecological mortality study within the Oinofita region of Greece, where water has been contaminated with hexavalent chromium. We calculated gender, age, and period standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all deaths, cancer deaths, and specific cancer types of Oinofita residents over an 11-year perio
View details →Kelly Wrighton, J. Cameron Thrash, Ryan A. Melnyk et al. · 2011 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Despite their importance in iron redox cycles and bioenergy production, the underlying physiological, genetic, and biochemical mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer by Gram-positive bacteria remain insufficiently understood. In…
View details →Edina Tóth, Balázs Déak, Orsolya Valkó et al. · 2016 · Land Degradation and Development
Abstract In biodiversity conservation of agriculture‐driven landscapes, grasslands have an outstanding importance; their conservation became a top priority both in research and practice. In many regions, sheep or cattle grazing are the…
View details →Lluís Brotons, Núria Aquilué, Miquel De Cáceres et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE
Available data show that future changes in global change drivers may lead to an increasing impact of fires on terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, fire regime changes in highly humanised fire-prone regions are difficult to predict because fire effects may be heavily mediated by human activities We investigated the role of fire suppression strategies in synergy with climate change on the resulting fire regimes in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). We used a spatially-explicit fire-succession model at the landscape level to test whether the use of different firefighting opportunities related to
View details →Lydiane Agier, Lützen Portengen, Marc Chadeau‐Hyam et al. · 2016 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: The exposome constitutes a promising framework to improve understanding of the effects of environmental exposures on health by explicitly considering multiple testing and avoiding selective reporting. However, exposome studies…
View details →Eva Cecilie Bonefeld‐Jørgensen, Manhai Long, Rossana Bossi et al. · 2011 · Environmental Health
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for women in the western world. From very few cases an extraordinary increase in BC was observed in the Inuit population of Greenland and Canada although still lower than in western populations. Previous data suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) might contribute to the risk of BC. Rat studies showed that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) cause significantly increase in mammary fibroadenomas. This study aimed at evaluating the association between serum levels of POPs/PFCs in Greenlandic Inuit BC cases and their cont
View details →Stephen M. Pawson, Martin Karl‐Friedrich Bader · 2014 · Ecological Applications
Recognition of the extent and magnitude of night-time light pollution impacts on natural ecosystems is increasing, with pervasive effects observed in both nocturnal and diurnal species. Municipal and industrial lighting is on the cusp of a…
View details →Céline Teplitsky, Virginie Millien · 2013 · Evolutionary Applications
Climate change is expected to induce many ecological and evolutionary changes. Among these is the hypothesis that climate warming will cause a reduction in body size. This hypothesis stems from Bergmann's rule, a trend whereby species exhibit a smaller body size in warmer climates, and larger body size under colder conditions in endotherms. The mechanisms behind this rule are still debated, and it is not clear whether Bergmann's rule can be extended to predict the effects of climate change through time. We reviewed the primary literature for evidence (i) of a decrease in body size in response
View details →Rana Kıdak, Şifa Doğan · 2017 · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
(625 times higher than ultrasound). In the processes where ozone was used, humic acid did not show any significant effect because the rate constant was so high that ozone has easily overcome the scavenging effects of natural water…
View details →Sally E. Koerner, Scott L. Collins · 2014 · Ecology
Grazing, fire, and climate shape mesic grassland communities. With global change altering all three factors, understanding how grasslands respond to changes in these combined drivers may aid in projecting future changes in grassland…
View details →Liangju Zhao, Lixin Wang, Lucas A. Cernusak et al. · 2016 · Plant Cell & Environment
Deuterium depletions between stem water and source water have been observed in coastal halophyte plants and in multiple species under greenhouse conditions. However, the location(s) of the isotope fractionation is not clear yet and it is…
View details →Bettina Julin, Alicja Wolk, Leif Bergkvist et al. · 2012 · Cancer Research
The ubiquitous food contaminant cadmium has features of an estrogen mimetic that may promote the development of estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast cancer. However, no prospective studies of cadmium exposure and breast cancer…
View details →Jos M. Milner, Floris M. van Beest, Karoline T. Schmidt et al. · 2014 · Journal of Wildlife Management
ABSTRACT Ungulate populations are important natural resources, associated with both costs and benefits. Conflicts have arisen between stakeholders who benefit from high ungulate numbers and those faced with the costs. Supplementary or…
View details →Maximilian Larter, Sebastian Pfautsch, Jean‐Christophe Domec et al. · 2017 · New Phytologist
Summary Xylem vulnerability to embolism is emerging as a major factor in drought‐induced tree mortality events across the globe. However, we lack understanding of how and to what extent climate has shaped vascular properties or functions.…
View details →Merritt R. Turetsky, Michelle C. Mack, Teresa N. Hollingsworth et al. · 2010 · Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Shifts in moss communities may affect the resilience of boreal ecosystems to a changing climate because of the role of moss species in regulating soil climate and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we use long-term data analysis and literature…
View details →Jonathan Bennie, Thomas W. Davies, David Cruse et al. · 2015 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
Artificial light at night has a wide range of biological effects on both plants and animals. Here, we review mechanisms by which artificial light at night may restructure ecological communities by modifying the interactions between species. Such mechanisms may be top-down (predator, parasite or grazer controlled), bottom-up (resource-controlled) or involve non-trophic processes, such as pollination, seed dispersal or competition. We present results from an experiment investigating both top-down and bottom-up effects of artificial light at night on the population density of pea aphids Acyrthosi
View details →Michele Casini, Filip Käll, Martin Hansson et al. · 2016 · Royal Society Open Science
) in the Baltic Sea has dramatically decreased during the past two decades, with large implications for the fishery relying on this resource. Here, we statistically investigated the potential drivers of the Baltic cod condition during the past 40 years using newly compiled fishery-independent biological data and hydrological observations. We evidenced a combination of different factors operating before and after the ecological regime shift that occurred in the Baltic Sea in the early 1990s. The changes in cod condition related to feeding opportunities, driven either by density-dependence or fo
View details →Jennifer Stowell, Guannan Geng, Eri Saikawa et al. · 2019 · Environment International
BACKGROUND: exposure. OBJECTIVES: levels. METHODS: for overall and age-stratified outcomes using 2-day averaging windows for cardiovascular disease and 3-day windows for respiratory disease. RESULTS: were observed for asthma and combined respiratory disease in children, and for asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and combined respiratory disease in adults. No significant associations were found in older adults. DISCUSSION: exposure in a changing climate.
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