Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences
Kateryn Rochon, Rodney B. Baker, Glen W. Almond et al. · 2015 · Journal of Medical Entomology
We investigated the acquisition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus by the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) through a bloodmeal, and virus persistence in the digestive organs of the fly…
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Michal Mego, Barbora Judita Kasperová, Jozef Chovanec et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Oncology
Background: Probiotics could decrease irinotecan-induced diarrhea due to the reduction of intestinal beta-d-glucuronidase activity. This study included a combined analysis of two clinical trials aimed to determine the effectiveness of the probiotics in the prophylaxis of irinotecan-induced diarrhea in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: This combined analysis included 46 patients with CRC enrolled in the Probio-SK-003 (NCT01410955) and 233 patients from Probio-SK-005 (NCT02819960) starting a new line of irinotecan-based therapy with identical eligibility criteria. Patients we
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Márcia Vanacor Barroso, Cristina Vaz Avelar de Carvalho, Rosemar Antoniassi et al. · 2017 · Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research
From early development until the completion of metamorphosis, fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) larvae are commonly fed the rotifers Brachionus spp. and Artemia spp. nauplii. In this study, cultivated copepods Acartia tonsa were evaluated…
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Zahra Ghorbanzadeh, Bahman Panahi, Leila Purhang et al. · 2025 · Agronomy
Developing climate-resilient and high-quality cotton cultivars remains an urgent challenge, as the key target traits yield, fibre properties, and stress tolerance are highly polygenic and strongly influenced by genotype–environment interactions. Recent advances in chromosome-scale genome assemblies, pan-genomics, and haplotype-resolved resequencing have greatly enhanced the capacity to identify causal variants and recover non-reference alleles linked to fibre development and environmental adaptation. Parallel progress in functional genomics and precision genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas
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Shrish Singh, V.K. Jain, Hemraj Verma et al. · 2025 · Discover Food
Food consumption depletes natural resources, pollutes ecosystems, and generates waste, significantly impacting sustainability and the environment. Traditional agriculture, reliant on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and excessive water…
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Chitra Priyadarshani, Ranjan Laik, Sumit Sow et al. · 2025 · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science
Integrated crop residue management with micronutrient application can effectively addresses dual challenges of maintaining productivity while enhancing grain nutritional quality of rice in calcareous soils. This study evaluated the role of different soil properties for enhancing yield and grain quality of rice under 29 years of long-term effects of crop residue incorporation and zinc (Zn) fertilization in calcareous Typic Haplaquepts soils. Results showed 100% crop residue incorporation significantly enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen, available Zn, soil respiration, and we
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences
Shaoyuan Tan, Weixin Wu, Xinna Ge et al. · 2023 · One Health Advances
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen for the global pork industry. Although modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are commonly used for PRRSV prevention and control, they still carry a risk of infecting the host and replicating in target cells, thereby increasing the likehood of virus recombination and reversion to virulence. In this study, we inserted the target sequence of miR-142 into the nsp2 hypervariable region of PRRSV to inhibit viral replication in its host cells of pigs, with the aim of achieving virus attenuation. The chimeri
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Liza Van der Laan, Kyle Parmley, Mojdeh Saadati et al. · 2025 · The Plant Genome
Developments in genomics and phenomics have provided valuable tools for use in cultivar development. Genomic prediction (GP) has been used in commercial soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] breeding programs to predict grain yield and seed…
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Karina Gutiérrez-Moreno, Ana Isabel Olguín-Martínez, Amelia C. Montoya-Martínez et al. · 2025 · Diversity
Fungi from the genus Trichoderma have been extensively studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs) because of their versatile mechanisms of action. These include triggering systemic resistance, directly inhibiting pathogens, promoting plant growth, enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress, and producing auxins. However, the widespread application of the most studied Trichoderma strains has been limited by discrepancies between their potential results observed in controlled environments and the outcomes in greenhouses and field conditions. These differences are associated with context dep
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Anna Carolina Bruno Ferreira, Ygor Velloso Tavares, Nina Rezende Fontana et al. · 2026 · Molecules
The widespread utilization of synthetic dyes within the textile industry, driven by their chemical recalcitrance and diverse chromatic spectra, constitutes a significant global environmental challenge. Improper discharge of these highly stable effluents into natural water bodies leads to severe ecological imbalances, affecting aquatic life and soil integrity while posing indirect risks to human health due to their mutagenic potential. Conventional physicochemical treatment methods are often hindered by prohibitive operational costs and the frequent generation of hazardous secondary pollutants.
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James M. Barron, Nathan R. Jensen, Paul J. Anders et al. · 2013 · North American Journal of Aquaculture
Abstract The survival and percentage of North American Burbot Lota lota maculosa larvae and metamorphosing larvae presumed to have been cannibalized during a 15-d period immediately following a size-grading event were compared with those of fish in nongraded control groups. In larvae (mean TL, 11.8 mm), grading immediately produced a size distinction, as the group that passed the grader was significantly narrower and shorter than the group retained by the grader. The mean coefficient of variation of the length of larvae in the retained group was significantly lower than that of the control gro
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Fereshteh Bakhshalipoor, Marzieh Bolandi, Fariborz Nahidi et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
This study evaluated the effects of double nanoemulsions of saffron petal extract (DN-SPE), stabilized with soybean (SPI) and pea protein isolates (PPI), alone or combined with Lepidium sativum L. seed gum (LSG) (SL or PL), on the quality…
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Matthew S W Rassette, Elizabeth I. Pierpont, Tina Wahl et al. · 2011 · PubMed
Treatment of Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) infestation on poultry in research facilities can be challenging. The mite has a rapid reproductive cycle (egg to adult in 5 to 7 d), and chemical treatments can be toxic to birds,…
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Yunpeng Qiu, Yunfeng Zhao, Bianbian Wang et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
Plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a ubiquitous symbiosis in terrestrial ecosystems and critically affect soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. However, how roots and AMF mediate the impact of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and…
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Wenying Huo, Yingying Qiao, Xiangru He et al. · 2025 · Toxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate agricultural commodities, posing risks to food safety, animal productivity, and human health. The gastrointestinal tract is the first and most critical site of exposure, where the intestinal epithelium functions as both a physical and immunological barrier against luminal toxins and pathogens. While extensive research has demonstrated that mycotoxins disrupt epithelial integrity through tight junction impairment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, their effects on the intestinal stem cell (ISC
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Lambodhar Damodaran, Anna S. Jaeger, Louise H. Moncla · 2025 · Nature
Abstract Since late 2021, a panzootic of highly pathogenic H5N1 has devastated wild birds, agriculture and mammals. Here an analysis of 1,818 haemagglutinin sequences from wild birds, domestic birds and mammals reveals that the North American panzootic was driven by around nine introductions into the Atlantic and Pacific flyways, followed by rapid dissemination through wild, migratory birds. Transmission was primarily driven by Anseriformes, while non-canonical species acted as dead-end hosts. In contrast to the epizootic of 2015 (refs. 1,2 ), outbreaks in domestic birds were driven by around
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Muhammad Murad, Muhammad Ahmed, Nizam ul din et al. · 2026 · AgriEngineering
Artificial intelligence (AI) shows great promise for transforming the agriculture sector and can enable the development of many modern farming practices over conventional methods. Nowadays, AI agents and agentic AI have attained popularity due to their autonomous structure and working mechanism. This research work proposes an agentic AI framework that integrates multiple agents developed for farming land to promote climate-smart agriculture and support United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). The developed structure has four agents: Agent A for monitoring soil properties, Agen
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Nevin Sanlier, Elif Yildiz Kaya, Ikbal Irem Yucel · 2026 · Food Science & Nutrition
Honey, bee pollen, propolis, bee bread, royal jelly, bee venom, beeswax, and apilarnil are among the bee-derived products that may serve health-related purposes, as they exhibit various biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, vasodilatory, and blood pressure-lowering effects. In this review, the possible health effects and action mechanisms of bee products frequently used in apitherapy were examined. The therapeutic potential of bee-derived products is attributed to their content of amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates,
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Roy Henha Eyono, Daniel Levenstein, Arna Ghosh et al. · 2026 · arXiv
Normalization is a critical operation in neural circuits. In the brain, there is evidence that normalization is implemented via inhibitory interneurons and allows neural populations to adjust to changes in the distribution of their inputs. In artificial neural networks (ANNs), normalization is used to improve learning in tasks that involve complex input distributions. However, it is unclear whether inhibition-mediated normalization in biological neural circuits also improves learning. Here, we explore this possibility using ANNs with separate excitatory and inhibitory populations trained on an
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Zhengye Pan, Jianwei Zuo, Jiajia Luo · 2026 · arXiv
Background:Subject-specific finite element analysis accurately characterizes knee joint mechanics but is computationally expensive. Deep surrogate models provide a rapid alternative, yet their generalization across subjects under limited pose and load inputs remains unclear. It remains unclear whether the dominant source of prediction uncertainty arises from temporal history dependence or spatial propagation dependence. Methods:To disentangle these factors, we employed a shared MGN backbone with a fixed mesh topology. A dataset of running trials from nine subjects was constructed using an Open
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Muhammad Zeeshan, Saima Masood, Saima Ashraf et al. · 2023 · arXiv
The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementations of mannan-oligosaccharide, live yeast, and a combination of these two additives on growth performance, histo-morphology of the rumen, and muscle morphometric attributes in buffalo calves. A total of twenty buffalo calves (average weight of 25 kg) having 3 months of age were distributed according to a complete randomized design. All animals were individually stalled in the shed and were fed ad-libitum. Experimental animals were divided into four groups for 67 days: Control group(without the inclusion of diet
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Anna Seigal, Portia Mira, Bernd Sturmfels et al. · 2016 · arXiv
Nosocomial outbreaks of bacteria are well-documented. Based on these incidents, and the heavy usage of antibiotics in hospitals, it has been assumed that antibiotic resistance evolves in hospital environments. To test this assumption, we studied resistance phenotypes of bacteria collected from patient isolates at a community hospital over a 2.5-year period. A graphical model analysis shows no association between resistance and patient information other than time of arrival. This allows us to focus on time course data. We introduce a Hospital Transmission Model, based on negative binomial delay
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Dmitry A. Kondrashov, Qiang Cui, George N. Phillips · 2006 · arXiv
Simple coarse-grained models, such as the Gaussian Network Model, have been shown to capture some of the features of equilibrium protein dynamics. We extend this model by using atomic contacts to define residue interactions and introducing more than one interaction parameter between residues. We use B-factors from 98 ultra-high resolution X-ray crystal structures to optimize the interaction parameters. The average correlation between GNM fluctuation predictions and the B-factors is 0.64 for the data set, consistent with a previous large-scale study. By separating residue interactions into cova
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Takuto Yamamoto, Hirosato Akahoshi, Shigeru Kitazawa · 2024 · arXiv
Many models of visual attention have been proposed so far. Traditional bottom-up models, like saliency models, fail to replicate human gaze patterns, and deep gaze prediction models lack biological plausibility due to their reliance on supervised learning. Vision Transformers (ViTs), with their self-attention mechanisms, offer a new approach but often produce dispersed attention patterns if trained with supervised learning. This study explores whether self-supervised DINO (self-DIstillation with NO labels) training enables ViTs to develop attention mechanisms resembling human visual attention.
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Louis Jalouzot, Alexis Thual, Yair Lakretz et al. · 2025 · arXiv
We investigate optimal strategies for decoding perceived natural speech from fMRI data acquired from a limited number of participants. Leveraging Lebel et al. (2023)'s dataset of 8 participants, we first demonstrate the effectiveness of training deep neural networks to predict LLM-derived text representations from fMRI activity. Then, in this data regime, we observe that multi-subject training does not improve decoding accuracy compared to single-subject approach. Furthermore, training on similar or different stimuli across subjects has a negligible effect on decoding accuracy. Finally, we fin
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Juliana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani · 2024 · arXiv
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable users to interact with the external world using brain activity. Despite their potential in neuroscience and industry, BCI performance remains inconsistent in noninvasive applications, often prioritizing algorithms that achieve high classification accuracies while masking the neural mechanisms driving that performance. In this study, we investigated the interpretability of features derived from brain network lateralization, benchmarking against widely used techniques like power spectrum density (PSD), common spatial pattern (CSP), and Riemannian geometry.
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Carlota Muniz, Christopher McQuaid, Nicolas Weidberg · 2024 · arXiv
While the importance of extreme conditions is recognised, patterns in species abundances are often interpreted through average environmental conditions within their distributional range. For marine species with pelagic larvae, temperature and phytoplankton concentration are key variables. Along the south coast of South Africa, conspicuous spatial patterns in recruitment rates and the abundances of different mussel species exist, with focal areas characterized by large populations. We studied 15 years of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) satellite data, using spectral anal
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Sina Sajjadi, Mohammad Reza Ejtehadi, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad · 2020 · arXiv
We first propose a quantitative approach to detect high risk outbreaks of independent and coinfective SIR dynamics on three empirical networks: a school, a conference and a hospital contact network. This measurement is based on the k-means clustering method and identifies proper samples for calculating the mean outbreak size and the outbreak probability. Then we systematically study the impact of different temporal correlations on high risk outbreaks over the original and differently shuffled counterparts of each network. We observe that, on the one hand, in the coinfection process, randomizat
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Denis Boyer, Peter D. Walsh · 2010 · arXiv
Thanks to recent technological advances, it is now possible to track with an unprecedented precision and for long periods of time the movement patterns of many living organisms in their habitat. The increasing amount of data available on single trajectories offers the possibility of understanding how animals move and of testing basic movement models. Random walks have long represented the main description for micro-organisms and have also been useful to understand the foraging behaviour of large animals. Nevertheless, most vertebrates, in particular humans and other primates, rely on sophistic
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