Influence of rubbing during etching on surface roughness and interfacial characteristics of intact enamel.
Biedermann M; Sifakakis I; Zinelis S; Eliades G; Eliades T; Patcas R · 2026 · European journal of oral sciences
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Rubbing phosphoric acid during etching has been shown to improve surface roughness in prepared enamel. This study aimed to compare intact enamel's surface roughness and resin tag lengths after etching with and without rubbing. Extracted…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1111/eos.70108