Is prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A case-control study using digit ratio (2D:4D).
Yaka H; Küçükşen MF; Adem A; Işık A; Kekeç AF; Özer M · 2026 · Early human development
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism, with females up to ten times more likely than males to develop curves exceeding 30°, strongly implicating sex hormone signalling in its pathogenesis. The…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106607