Contradict them softly! Contradictions of the subject feel less true than contradictions of the object.
Gusmão B; Zürn MK; Topolinski S · 2026 · Cognition & emotion
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Individuals attribute a higher truth value to repeated compared to novel information, the well-known truth effect. Also, information that contradicts what we have heard earlier is considered falser than both repeated and completely new…
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WASTE indexes this work — it does not host or republish it. Failure-type classification is automated and approximate.
Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1080/02699931.2025.2475821