Gynecomastia: Etiological Analysis Beyond Hormonal Imbalance.
Kim JH; Song M; Lee K; Lee MH; Song YS · 2026 · Life (Basel, Switzerland)
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Background: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast with multiple causes. This retrospective study evaluated whether serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), or the E2/T ratio differed between patients and controls, while…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.3390/life16061010