Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check
David T. Levy; Kenneth E. Warner; K. Michael Cummings; David Hammond; Charlene C. Kuo; Geoffrey T. Fong; James F. Thrasher; Maciej Ł. Goniewicz · 2018 · Tobacco Control
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
BACKGROUND: The 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report found substantial evidence that electronic cigarette use (vaping) by youth is strongly associated with an increased risk of ever using cigarettes…
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WASTE indexes this work — it does not host or republish it. Failure-type classification is automated and approximate.
Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054446