Sex-specific associations between type 2 diabetes and muscle health in middle-aged adults
Yijia Wang, Songting Gao, Qiang Xu et al. · 2025 · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia have emerged as significant public health challenges that disproportionately affect middle-aged adults. However, the relationship between T2DM and muscle parameters in this critical age remains inadequately elucidated. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of cross-sectional data derived from 2,446 middle-aged participants (aged 40–59 years; 1,230 men and 1,216 women) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. T2DM was defined by physician-confirmed diagnosis and/or glycohemoglo
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