Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Colin Quirk, Kirsten Adam, Edward K. Vogel · 2020 · eNeuro
Visual working memory is the ability to hold visual information temporarily in mind. A key feature of working memory is its starkly limited capacity, such that only a few simple items can be remembered at once. Prior work has shown that this capacity limit cannot be circumvented by providing additional encoding time, whether providing just 200 ms or up to 1300 ms, capacity is still limited to only three to four items. In contrast, Brady et al. (2016) hypothesized that real-world objects, but not simple items used in prior research, benefit from additional encoding time and are not subject to t
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James B. Adams, Daniel P. Howsmon, Uwe Krüger et al. · 2017 · PLoS ONE
INTRODUCTION: A number of previous studies examined a possible association of toxic metals and autism, and over half of those studies suggest that toxic metal levels are different in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Additionally, several studies found that those levels correlate with the severity of ASD. METHODS: In order to further investigate these points, this paper performs the most detailed statistical analysis to date of a data set in this field. First morning urine samples were collected from 67 children and adults with ASD and 50 neurotypical controls of similar age an
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Priya Landa, Ann‐Marie Differ, Kaukab Rajput et al. · 2013 · BMC Medical Genetics
BACKGROUND: Pendred syndrome is a common autosomal recessive disorder causing deafness. Features include sensorineural hearing impairment, goitre, enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA) and occasionally Mondini dysplasia. Hearing impairment and EVA may occur in the absence of goitre or thyroid dyshormonogensis in a condition known as non-syndromic EVA. A significant number of patients with Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic EVA show only one mutation in SLC26A4. Two genes, KCNJ10, encoding an inwardly rectifying potassium channel and FOXI1, a transcriptional factor gene, are thought to play a rol
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Shaomin Peng, Geliang Gan, Caihong Qiu et al. · 2013 · Stem Cells Translational Medicine
Retinal degenerations are a major cause of impaired vision in the elderly. Degenerations originate in either photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). RPE forms the outer blood-retinal barrier and functions intimately with…
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Peter E. Clayson, Ann Clawson, Michael J. Larson · 2011 · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Previous research suggests that performance-monitoring processes are related to personality traits; relationships with affective states, however, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings that…
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Aine Ito, Andrea E. Martin, Mante S. Nieuwland · 2017 · Language Cognition and Neuroscience
In our recent publication “How robust are prediction effects in language comprehension? Failure to replicate article-elicited N400 effects” (Ito, Martin, & Nieuwland, 2016a), we report two experiments which failed to replicate existing…
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Jussi Palomäki, Anton Kunnari, Marianna Drosinou et al. · 2018 · Heliyon
The uncanny valley (UV) effect refers to an eerie feeling of unfamiliarity people get while observing or interacting with robots that resemble humans almost but not quite perfectly. The effect is not well understood, and it is also unclear…
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Scott J. Young, Matteo Bertucco, Rebecca Sheehan-Stross et al. · 2012 · Journal of Child Neurology
Studies suggest that dystonia is associated with increased motor cortex excitability. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation can temporarily reduce motor cortex excitability. To test whether stimulation of the motor cortex can…
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Mürşide Değirmenci, Yılmaz Kemal Yüce, Matjaž Perc et al. · 2023 · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
In recent studies, in the field of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), researchers have focused on Motor Imagery tasks. Motor Imagery-based electroencephalogram (EEG) signals provide the interaction and communication between the paralyzed patients and the outside world for moving and controlling external devices such as wheelchair and moving cursors. However, current approaches in the Motor Imagery-BCI system design require effective feature extraction methods and classification algorithms to acquire discriminative features from EEG signals due to the non-linear and non-stationary structure of EEG
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Jessica E. Salvatore, Alexis C. Edwards, Jeanette N. McClintick et al. · 2015 · Translational Psychiatry
Adult antisocial behavior (AAB) is moderately heritable, relatively common and has adverse consequences for individuals and society. We examined the molecular genetic basis of AAB in 1379 participants from a case-control study in which the cases met criteria for alcohol dependence. We also examined whether genes of interest were expressed in human brain. AAB was measured using a count of the number of Antisocial Personality Disorder criteria endorsed under criterion A from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Participants were genotyped on the Illumi
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Janet H. Hsiao, Jeehye An, Yueyuan Zheng et al. · 2021 · Cognition
Recent research has suggested the importance of part-based information in face recognition in addition to global, whole-face information. Nevertheless, face drawing experience was reported to enhance selective attention to the eyes but did…
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Andreas Nolte, Nico W. Funk, Latha Mukunda et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE
The mechanisms of insect odor transduction are still controversial. Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are 7TM receptors with inverted membrane topology. They colocalize with a conserved coreceptor (Orco) with chaperone and ion channel function. Some studies suggest that insects employ exclusively ionotropic odor transduction via OR-Orco heteromers. Other studies provide evidence for different metabotropic odor transduction cascades, which employ second messenger-gated ion channel families for odor transduction. The hawkmoth Manduca sexta is an established model organism for studies of insect olfa
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David J. Caldwell, Jeneva A. Cronin, Jing Wu et al. · 2019 · Scientific Reports
Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) could help restore sensation and provide task-relevant feedback in a neuroprosthesis. However, the psychophysics of S1 DCS is poorly studied, including any comparison to cutaneous haptic stimulation. We compare the response times to DCS of human hand somatosensory cortex through electrocorticographic grids with response times to haptic stimuli delivered to the hand in four subjects. We found that subjects respond significantly slower to S1 DCS than to natural, haptic stimuli for a range of DCS train durations. Median respon
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Timo Stein, Deema Awad, Surya Gayet et al. · 2018 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Visual stimuli with social-emotional relevance have been claimed to gain preferential access to awareness. For example, recent studies used the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm (b-CFS) to show that faces that are perceived as less dominant and more trustworthy are prioritized for awareness. Here we asked whether these effects truly reflect differences in social-emotional meaning or whether they can be equally explained by differences in low-level stimulus properties. In Experiment 1, we successfully replicated dominance- and untrustworthiness-related slowing for upright faces. Ho
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Logan A. Pendergrast, L Lundell, Amy M. Ehrlich et al. · 2023 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
The circadian clock is a cell-autonomous transcription–translation feedback mechanism that anticipates and adapts physiology and behavior to different phases of the day. A variety of factors including hormones, temperature, food-intake,…
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Annika Melinder, Svein Magnussen · 2014 · Psychology Crime and Law
Expert witnesses have various tasks that frequently include issues of memory. We tested if expert witnesses outperform other practitioners on memory issues of high relevance to clinical practice. We surveyed psychiatrists and psychologists…
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Christian Kieling, Mara Helena Hutz, Júlia Pasqualini Genro et al. · 2012 · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
BACKGROUND: The study of gene-environment interactions (G × E) is one of the most promising strategies to uncover the origins of mental disorders. Replication of initial findings, however, is essential because there is a strong possibility…
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David D. Aguilar, Robert E. Strecker, Radhika Basheer et al. · 2019 · Journal of Neurophysiology
The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) represents a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia and other disorders. Schizophrenia is associated with progressive abnormalities in cortical oscillatory processes including reduced…
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Sook-Lei Liew, Tziporah Thompson, Joel Ramirez et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Neuroscience
We routinely make fine motor adjustments to maintain optimal motor performance. These adaptations have been attributed to both implicit, error-based mechanisms, and explicit, strategy-based mechanisms. However, little is known about the neural basis of implicit vs. explicit learning. Here, we aimed to use anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to probe the relationship between different brain regions and learning mechanisms during a visuomotor adaptation task in humans. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (CB) should increase implicit learning while anodal tDCS
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Tao Yu, Hui Gao, Benjamin Ackerman et al. · 2016 · BMC Genomics
BACKGROUND: Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRB), one of the core symptom categories for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), comprises heterogeneous groups of behaviors. Previous research indicates that there are two or more factors (subcategories) within the RRB domain. In an effort to identify common variants associated with RRB, we have carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) dataset (n = 1,335, all ASD probands of European ancestry) for each identified RRB subcategory, while allowing for comparisons of associated single nucleot
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Anna Maria Matziorinis, Christian Gaser, Stefan Koelsch · 2022 · Brain Structure and Function
Music-making and engagement in music-related activities have shown procognitive benefits for healthy and pathological populations, suggesting reductions in brain aging. A previous brain aging study, using Brain Age Gap Estimation (BrainAGE), showed that professional and amateur-musicians had younger appearing brains than non-musicians. Our study sought to replicate those findings and analyze if musical training or active musical engagement was necessary to produce an age-decelerating effect in a cohort of healthy individuals. We scanned 125 healthy controls and investigated if musician status,
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Simon Ruch, Flavio Jean Schmidig, Leona Knüsel et al. · 2022 · NeuroImage
Slow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow oscillations (<2 Hz) in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Slow oscillations are generated by a synchronous back and forth between highly active UP-states and silent DOWN-states in neocortical neurons. Growing evidence suggests that closed-loop sensory stimulation targeted at UP-states of EEG-defined slow oscillations can enhance the slow oscillatory activity, increase sleep depth, and boost sleep's recuperative fun
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Kenia Martínez, Sarah K. Madsen, Anand A. Joshi et al. · 2015 · Human Brain Mapping
People differ in their cognitive functioning. This variability has been exhaustively examined at the behavioral, neural and genetic level to uncover the mechanisms by which some individuals are more cognitively efficient than others.…
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Tomer Fekete, Andrey R. Nikolaev, Floris De Knijf et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Neuroscience
Transcranial alternating-current stimulation (tACS) for entraining alpha activity holds potential for influencing mental function, both in laboratory and clinical settings. While initial results of alpha entrainment are promising, questions remain regarding its translational potential-namely if tACS alpha entrainment is sufficiently robust to context and to what extent it can be upscaled to multi-electrode arrangements needed to direct currents into precise brain loci. We set out to explore these questions by administering alternating current through a multi-electrode montage (mtACS), while va
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Fanxing Meng, Cristy Ho, Rob Gray et al. · 2014 · Ergonomics
Three experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dynamic vibrotactile warning signals with different spatial patterns and to compare dynamic towards-torso and towards-head vibrotactile warnings in a simulated driving task.…
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Susan G. Brown, Ryan K.M. Ikeuchi, Daniel R. Lucas · 2014 · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
The interaction between the behavioral and physiological immune systems provides fertile ground for research. Here, we examine the interactions between fear of disease, collectivism/individualism, disgust, visual perception and salivary…
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William H.B. McAuliffe · 2018 · Thinking & Reasoning
The past few decades of moral psychology research have yielded empirical anomalies for rationalist theories of moral judgments. An increasing number of psychologists and philosophers argue that these anomalies are explained well by…
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Ashley M. Brouillette, Gülin Öz, Christopher M. Gómez · 2015 · Disease Markers
Neurodegenerative diseases, including the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), would benefit from the identification of reliable biomarkers that could serve as disease subtype-specific and stage-specific indicators for the development and monitoring of treatments. We analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of tau, α-synuclein, DJ-1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proteins previously associated with neurodegenerative processes, in patients with the autosomal dominant SCA1, SCA2, and SCA6, and the sporadic disease multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-C), compared with age-ma
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Anja Achtziger, Carlos Alós‐Ferrer, Sabine Hügelschäfer et al. · 2015 · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Standard economic thinking postulates that increased monetary incentives should increase performance. Human decision makers, however, frequently focus on past performance, a form of reinforcement learning occasionally at odds with rational…
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Fabian A. Soto · 2018 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
In a recent article, Maes et al. (2016) report the results from 15 experiments in the blocking effect, all of which failed to replicate the basic phenomenon. Whereas Maes et al. did not dispute the reality of the blocking effect, they…
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