Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Mats Enlund, Anders Berglund, Anna Enlund et al. · 2023 · EClinicalMedicine
Background: Anaesthesia may impact long-term cancer survival. In the Cancer and Anaesthesia study, we hypothesised that the hypnotic drug propofol will have an advantage of at least five percentage points in five-year survival over the inhalational anaesthetic sevoflurane for breast cancer surgery. Methods: From 2118 eligible breast cancer patients scheduled for primary curable, invasive breast cancer surgery, 1764 were recruited after ethical approval and individual informed consent to this open label, single-blind, randomised trial at four county- and three university hospitals in Sweden and
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Subin Park, Ki Kyoung Yi, Riji Na et al. · 2013 · Behavioral and Brain Functions
BACKGROUND: Previous research on serum total cholesterol and suicidality has yielded conflicting results. Several studies have reported a link between low serum total cholesterol and suicidality, whereas others have failed to replicate these findings, particularly in patients with major affective disorders. These discordant findings may reflect the fact that studies often do not distinguish between patients with bipolar and unipolar depression; moreover, definitions and classification schemes for suicide attempts in the literature vary widely. METHODS: Subjects were patients with one of the th
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Maximilian J. Mair, Barbara Kiesel, Katharina Feldmann et al. · 2021 · Journal of Neuro-Oncology
PURPOSE: Immune modulatory therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors have so far failed to result in clinically meaningful efficacy in glioma. We aimed to investigate lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), an inhibitory receptor on immune cells and target of second-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors, in glioma. METHODS: 97 patients with diffuse glioma (68 with glioblastoma, 29 with WHO grade II-III glioma) were identified from the Neuro-Biobank of the Medical University of Vienna. LAG-3 expression in the inflammatory microenvironment was assessed by immunohistochemistry (monoclonal
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Vanessa Pitz, Mary B. Makarious, Sara Bandrés‐Ciga et al. · 2024 · npj Parkinson s Disease
Although many rare variants have been reportedly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), many have not been replicated or have failed to replicate. Here, we conduct a large-scale replication of rare PD variants. We assessed a total of 27,590 PD cases, 6701 PD proxies, and 3,106,080 controls from three data sets: 23andMe, Inc., UK Biobank, and AMP-PD. Based on well-known PD genes, 834 variants of interest were selected from the ClinVar annotated 23andMe dataset. We performed a meta-analysis using summary statistics of all three studies. The meta-analysis resulted in five significant variants
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Chetan Shenoy, Judy Boura, Pamela Orshaw et al. · 2010 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There are limited data on the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with CKD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of 3,752 consecutive patients enrolled in the Guthrie PCI Registry between 2001 and 2006, 436 patients with CKD - defined as a creatinine clearance <60 mL/min - were included in this study. Patients who received DES were compared to those who received bare metal stents (BMS). Patients were followed for a mean duration of 3 years after th
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Henrik Falconer, Ulrika Joneborg, Kamilla Krawiec et al. · 2020 · Gynecologic Oncology
OBJECTIVE: Ultra-radical surgery to achieve complete resection in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been widely accepted without strong supporting data. Our objective was to assess overall survival after a structured shift to an ultra-radical upfront surgical treatment algorithm and to investigate changes in the distribution of primary treatments after this shift. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, all women with suspected EOC in the Stockholm-Gotland region of Sweden reported to the Swedish Quality Registry for Gynecologic Cancer (SQRGC) and National Cance
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Zhiyong Liu, Weitao Yao, Yao Zhao et al. · 2021 · Cancer Management and Research
PURPOSE: Anlotinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor with promising anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in China. Liposomal doxorubicin monotherapy showed an encouraging effect on this disease. The…
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José de León, Paula Mallory, Lorraine Maw et al. · 2011 · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
BACKGROUND: In 2 Spanish case-control studies, low cholesterol levels in males were consistently associated with suicide attempts. METHODS: This US study tried to replicate the association between low cholesterol levels and suicide…
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Eleni Karakike, Brendon P. Scicluna, Maria Roumpoutsou et al. · 2022 · Critical Care
BACKGROUND: Clarithromycin may act as immune-regulating treatment in sepsis and acute respiratory dysfunction syndrome. However, clinical evidence remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate whether clarithromycin improves 28-day mortality among patients with sepsis, respiratory and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, clinical trial in patients with sepsis. Participants with ratio of partial oxygen pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen less than 200 and more than 3 SOFA points from systems other than the respiratory function were enrolled betw
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Kanan Patel, Gregg C. Fonarow, Dalane W. Kitzman et al. · 2012 · European Journal of Heart Failure
AIMS: To examine the clinical effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 10 570 hospitalized HF-PEF patients, aged ≥ 65…
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Cristian Ricci, Jeannine Baumgartner, Manja Zec et al. · 2018 · British Journal Of Nutrition
Accumulating evidence indicates that saturated fat intake is related to mortality risk increase, whereas unsaturated fat intake is associated with reduced mortality risk. The aim of the present study was to estimate the mortality risk…
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Rishikesh Kankesh Patel, James Brouner, Owen Spendiff · 2015 · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate (DC) is abundant in flavanols which have been reported to increase the bioavailability and bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO). Increasing NO bioavailability has often demonstrated reduced oxygen cost and performance enhancement during submaximal exercise. METHODS: Nine moderately-trained male participants volunteered to undertake baseline (BL) measurements that comprised a cycle V̇O(2max) test followed by cycling at 80% of their established gas exchange threshold (GET) for 20-min and then immediately followed by a two-minute time-trial (TT). Using a randomised crossove
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Wenshu Tang, Cario W. S. Lo, Wei Ma et al. · 2024 · Cell & Bioscience
BACKGROUND: Glioma is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor categorized into World Health Organization (WHO) grades 1-4 based on its malignancy. The suppressive immune microenvironment of glioma contributes significantly to unfavourable patient outcomes. However, the cellular composition and their complex interplays within the glioma environment remain poorly understood, and reliable prognostic markers remain elusive. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identification of predictive markers are crucial for improving the clinical management of glioma patients. RE
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Ann L. Griffen, Zachary A. Thompson, Clifford J. Beall et al. · 2019 · Scientific Reports
Persons infected with HIV are particularly vulnerable to a variety of oral microbial diseases. Although various study designs and detection approaches have been used to compare the oral microbiota of HIV-negative and HIV-positive persons, both with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), methods have varied, and results have not been consistent or conclusive. The purpose of the present study was to compare the oral bacterial community composition in HIV-positive persons under HAART to an HIV-negative group using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Extensive clinical data was col
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Sabrina Arnold, A. Richard Kitching, Véronique Witko‐Sarsat et al. · 2024 · The Lancet Rheumatology
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis) is one of two major ANCA-associated vasculitis variants characterised by systemic necrotising vasculitis with few or no immune deposits. MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis predominantly affects small blood vessels and, in contrast to its counterpart proteinase 3-ANCA-associated vasculitis, is generally not associated with granulomatous inflammation. The kidneys and lungs are the most commonly affected organs. The pathogenesis of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis is characte
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Emilie Sundqvist, Peter Sundström, Magdalena Lindén et al. · 2012 · Neurology
BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus infection, smoking, HLA-A*02, and DRB1*15 have all been proposed as risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). In 2010, Simon et al. described an interaction on the multiplicative scale between EBNA1…
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Gonzague Jourdain, Sophie Le Cœur, Nicole Ngo‐Giang‐Huong et al. · 2013 · PLoS Medicine
BACKGROUND: Viral load (VL) is recommended for monitoring the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but is not routinely available in most low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a CD4-based monitoring and switching strategy would provide a similar clinical outcome compared to the standard VL-based strategy in Thailand. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT-3) non-inferiority randomized clinical trial compared a treatment switching strategy based on CD4-only (CD4) monitoring versus viral-load (VL
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Wilhelmina G. Melsen, Anne Marie G. A. de Smet, Jan Kluytmans et al. · 2011 · British journal of surgery
BACKGROUND: Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) are effective in improving survival in patients under intensive care. In this study possible differential effects in surgical and…
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Michael Huang, Kenneth G. Lucas · 2010 · Sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common type of primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. Survival rates for localized ES have improved to upwards of 70% with aggressive chemotherapy and local control. On the other hand, there has been little improvement in survival rates for patients with metastatic or recurrent ES. Herein we review the different current therapeutic approaches available, including the different upfront and salvage chemotherapy regimens, the role for stem cell transplantation, and potential use of immunotherapy.
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Yuri Chaves Martins, Graziela Maria Zaniní, John A. Frangos et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a role in the pathogenesis of human as well as of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). ECM is partially prevented by administration of the NO-donor dipropylenetriamine NONOate (DPTA-NO) at high concentration (1 mg/mouse), which also induces major side effects such as a sharp drop in blood pressure. We asked whether alternative strategies to improve NO bioavailability with minor side effects would also be effective in preventing ECM. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mice were infected with PbA and pro
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Tory A. Eisenlohr‐Moul, Susan S. Girdler, Jacqueline L. Johnson et al. · 2017 · Depression and Anxiety
BACKGROUND: Although traditionally dosed combined oral contraceptives (COCs) (21 days of active pills, 7 days of inactive pills) have not been demonstrated as superior to placebo for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria (PMD), some…
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João Pedro Ferreira, Francisco Vasques‐Nóvoa, Diana Ferrão et al. · 2022 · Diabetes Care
OBJECTIVE: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high risk for developing heart failure (HF), which is associated with poor prognosis. Fenofibrate may reduce HF events through multiple mechanisms. We sought to study the effect of…
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Ruby Yu, Grace Leung, Jean Woo · 2021 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
(1) Objective: This study examined the effects of a combined intervention of Brainastic computerized cognitive training (CCT) preceded by physical exercise (PE) for improving frailty status and cognitive function in older adults. (2) Methods: Older adults aged 50 years or older attending elderly centers, without frailty/history of cognitive impairment, were randomly allocated into either a 12-week (i) multi-domain CCT + PE (n = 117), (ii) two-domain CCT + PE (n = 116) or (iii) video watching + PE (i.e., control, n = 114). Brainastic is an online application for cognitive training through video
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Junjie Ding, Nguyễn Thụy Thương Thương, Toi Van Pham et al. · 2020 · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
The most effective antituberculosis drug treatment regimen for tuberculous meningitis is uncertain. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing standard treatment with a regimen intensified by rifampin 15 mg/kg and levofloxacin for the first 60 days. The intensified regimen did not improve survival or any other outcome. We therefore conducted a nested pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in 237 trial participants to define exposure-response relationships that might explain the trial results and improve future therapy. Rifampin 15 mg/kg increased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) e
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Ruben A. Mesa, Jean‐Jacques Kiladjian, Srđan Verstovšek et al. · 2013 · Haematologica
Prior to Janus kinase inhibitors, available therapies for myelofibrosis were generally supportive and did not improve survival. This analysis compares efficacy outcomes of patients with myelofibrosis in the control arms (placebo [n=154]…
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Virve I. Enne, Susan Stirling, Julie Barber et al. · 2025 · Intensive Care Medicine
PURPOSE: INHALE investigated the impact of seeking pathogens by PCR on antibiotic stewardship and clinical outcomes in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP and VAP). METHODS: This pragmatic multicentre, open-label RCT…
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Hongbo Zhou, Jiping Zhu, Jiagang Tu et al. · 2010 · The Journal of Infectious Diseases
To study the effect of NS1 eIF4GI binding domain on virulence and pathogenicity of H5N1 influenza A virus, 5 recombinant H5N1 viruses encoding eIF4GI binding domain-truncated NS1 proteins and parental NS1 (NS1‐wt) were generated by an…
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Cissy Kityo, Alexander J. Szubert, Abraham Siika et al. · 2018 · PLoS Medicine
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, individuals infected with HIV who are severely immunocompromised have high mortality (about 10%) shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). This group also has the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a paradoxical response to successful ART. Integrase inhibitors lead to significantly more rapid declines in HIV viral load (VL) than all other ART classes. We hypothesised that intensifying standard triple-drug ART with the integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, would reduce HIV VL fast
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Christopher J. Hoffmann, Katherine Fielding, Salome Charalambous et al. · 2010 · AIDS
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) among individuals with CD4 cell count above 200 cells/microl and varying WHO clinical stages in reducing mortality during combination antiretroviral therapy…
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Feiyu Niu, Yi‐Long Wu · 2014 · Experimental Hematology and Oncology
Since the recognition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a therapeutic target, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations, which has been a major breakthrough for lung cancer treatment.. The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with EGFR mutations treated with EGFR TKIs is significantly prolonged compared with that of patients who underwent standard chemotherapy. However, all patients who initially respond to EGFR TKIs eventually develop acquired resistance (AR). Many small molecule agents and monoclonal antibodies (McAb)
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