Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Usha Satish, Mark J. Mendell, Krishnamurthy Shekhar et al. · 2012 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Associations of higher indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations with impaired work performance, increased health symptoms, and poorer perceived air quality have been attributed to correlation of indoor CO2 with concentrations of other indoor air pollutants that are also influenced by rates of outdoor-air ventilation. OBJECTIVES: We assessed direct effects of increased CO2, within the range of indoor concentrations, on decision making. METHODS: Twenty-two participants were exposed to CO2 at 600, 1,000, and 2,500 ppm in an office-like chamber, in six groups. Each group was exposed
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Matthew Cole, Tamara S. Galloway · 2015 · Environmental Science & Technology
Plastic debris is a prolific contaminant effecting freshwater and marine ecosystems across the globe. Of growing environmental concern are "microplastics"and "nanoplastics" encompassing tiny particles of plastic derived from manufacturing and macroplastic fragmentation. Pelagic zooplankton are susceptible to consuming microplastics, however the threat posed to larvae of commercially important bivalves is currently unknown. We exposed Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae (3-24 d.p.f.) to polystyrene particles spanning 70 nm-20 μm in size, including plastics with differing surface propertie
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Young‐Seoub Hong, Ki-Hoon Song, Jin‐Yong Chung · 2014 · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
Arsenic is a unique element with distinct physical characteristics and toxicity whose importance in public health is well recognized. The toxicity of arsenic varies across its different forms. While the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science
Jiaxiu He, Haoming Liu, Alberto Salvo · 2019 · American Economic Journal Applied Economics
We examine day-to-day fluctuations in worker-level output at two manufacturing sites in China. Ambient fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution is severe but significantly variable, largely due to exogenous atmospheric ventilation. We obtain an…
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Elhadi Adam, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi et al. · 2014 · International Journal of Remote Sensing
Mapping of patterns and spatial distribution of land-use/cover (LULC) has long been based on remotely sensed data. In the recent past, efforts to improve the reliability of LULC maps have seen a proliferation of image classification…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Melinda C. Power, Marc G. Weisskopf, Stacey Alexeeff et al. · 2010 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Traffic-related particles induce oxidative stress and may exert adverse effects on central nervous system function, which could manifest as cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between black carbon (BC), a marker of traffic-related air pollution, and cognition in older men. METHODS: A total of 680 men (mean ± SD, 71 ± 7 years of age) from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study completed a battery of seven cognitive tests at least once between 1996 and 2007. We assessed long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution using a validat
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David Q. Rich, Howard M. Kipen, Wei Huang et al. · 2012 · JAMA
CONTEXT: Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether markers related to CVD pathophysiological pathways (biomarkers for…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science
Chenxi Wu, Alison L. Spongberg, Jason D. Witter et al. · 2010 · Environmental Science & Technology
Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly found in biosolids and effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Land application of these biosolids and the reclamation of treated wastewater can transfer those PPCPs…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science
Katrina L. Kaposi, Benjamin Mos, Brendan P. Kelaher et al. · 2013 · Environmental Science & Technology
There is increasing concern about the impacts of microplastics (<1 mm) on marine biota. Microplastics may be mistaken for food items and ingested by a wide variety of organisms. While the effects of ingesting microplastic have been…
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Rachel E. McNeish, L. H. Kim, Heather A. Barrett et al. · 2018 · Scientific Reports
Abstract Microplastic is a contaminant of concern worldwide. Rivers are implicated as major pathways of microplastic transport to marine and lake ecosystems, and microplastic ingestion by freshwater biota is a risk associated with microplastic contamination, but there is little research on microplastic ecology within freshwater ecosystems. Microplastic uptake by fish is likely affected by environmental microplastic abundance and aspects of fish ecology, but these relationships have rarely been addressed. We measured the abundance and composition of microplastic in fish and surface waters from
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Qiaohong Sun, Xuebin Zhang, Francis W. Zwiers et al. · 2020 · Journal of Climate
Abstract This paper provides an updated analysis of observed changes in extreme precipitation using high-quality station data up to 2018. We examine changes in extreme precipitation represented by annual maxima of 1-day (Rx1day) and 5-day…
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Silke Langenheder, Anna J. Székely · 2011 · The ISME Journal
Many studies have shown that species sorting, that is, the selection by local environmental conditions is important for the composition and assembly of bacterial communities. On the other hand, there are other studies that could show that…
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Arindam Samanta, Sangram Ganguly, Hirofumi Hashimoto et al. · 2010 · Geophysical Research Letters
The sensitivity of Amazon rainforests to dry‐season droughts is still poorly understood, with reports of enhanced tree mortality and forest fires on one hand, and excessive forest greening on the other. Here, we report that the previous…
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Pieter T. J. Johnson, David W. Thieltges · 2010 · Journal of Experimental Biology
Growing interest in ecology has recently focused on the hypothesis that community diversity can mediate infection levels and disease ('dilution effect'). In turn, biodiversity loss--a widespread consequence of environmental change--can…
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Andrew Gonzalez, Bradley J. Cardinale, Ginger Allington et al. · 2016 · Ecology
Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For…
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John D. Meeker, Tiffany Yang, Xiaoyun Ye et al. · 2010 · Environmental Health Perspectives
BACKGROUND: Parabens are commonly used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage processing. Widespread human exposure to parabens has been recently documented, and some parabens have demonstrated adverse effects on male reproduction in animal studies. However, human epidemiologic studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We investigated relationships between urinary concentrations of parabens and markers of male reproductive health in an ongoing reproductive epidemiology study. METHODS: Urine samples collected from male partners attending an infertility clinic
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Colin J. Carlson, Kevin R. Burgio, Eric R. Dougherty et al. · 2017 · Science Advances
Climate change is a well-documented driver of both wildlife extinction and disease emergence, but the negative impacts of climate change on parasite diversity are undocumented. We compiled the most comprehensive spatially explicit data set…
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Jennifer Alix‐Garcia, Elizabeth N. Shapiro, Katharine R. E. Sims · 2012 · Land Economics
We investigate a Mexican federal program that compensates landowners for forest protection. We use matched controls from the program applicant pool to establish counterfactual deforestation rates. Deforestation was reduced by 50% in…
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Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Puneet Dwivedi, Rob Bailis et al. · 2012 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Biomass combustion with traditional cookstoves causes substantial environmental and health harm. Nontraditional cookstove technologies can be efficacious in reducing this adverse impact, but they are adopted and used at puzzlingly low…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science
Yamina Pressler, John C. Moore, M. Francesca Cotrufo · 2018 · Oikos
Global fire regimes are shifting due to climate and land use changes. Understanding the responses of belowground communities to fire is key to predicting changes in the ecosystem processes they regulate. We conducted a comprehensive…
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Zhang Fei, Zheng Ge, Julien Grimaud et al. · 2013 · Environmental Science & Technology
Two 4 L tubular microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were installed in a municipal wastewater treatment facility and operated for more than 400 days on primary effluents. Both MFCs removed 65-70% chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a hydraulic…
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Reid Tingley, Marcelo Vallinoto, Fernando Sequeira et al. · 2014 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Accurate forecasts of biological invasions are crucial for managing invasion risk but are hampered by niche shifts resulting from evolved environmental tolerances (fundamental niche shifts) or the presence of novel biotic and abiotic…
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Linda Steg, Judith I. M. de Groot, Lieke Dreijerink et al. · 2011 · Society & Natural Resources
Results of two studies are reported, in which we compare the predictive power of three general behavioral antecedents (i.e., values, worldviews, and environmental concern) in explaining personal norms, behavioral intentions (i.e.,…
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Lorena Gómez‐Aparicio, Raúl García‐Valdés, Paloma Ruiz‐Benito et al. · 2011 · Global Change Biology
Most large-scale multispecies studies of tree growth have been conducted in tropical and cool temperate forests, whereas Mediterranean water-limited ecosystems have received much less attention. This limits our understanding of how growth…
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Xiaobo Wang, Xiao‐Tao Lü, Jing Yao et al. · 2017 · The ISME Journal
The existence of biogeographic patterns among most free-living microbial taxa has been well established, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms that shape these patterns. Here, we examined soil bacterial β-diversity across…
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Noah Anderson, Julia R. Kelson, Sándor Kele et al. · 2021 · Geophysical Research Letters
Abstract The potential for carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to independently constrain both the formation temperature of carbonate minerals and fluid oxygen isotope composition allows insight into long‐standing questions in the Earth…
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Paul J. Ferraro, Merlin M. Hanauer, Katharine R. E. Sims · 2011 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Protected areas are the dominant approach to protecting biodiversity and the supply of ecosystem services. Because these protected areas are often placed in regions with widespread poverty and because they can limit agricultural…
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Jessica E. Tierney, Nerilie J. Abram, Kevin J. Anchukaitis et al. · 2015 · Paleoceanography
Abstract Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have affected the oceans. Here as part of the Past Global…
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T. C. Peterson, Martin P. Hoerling, Peter A. Stott et al. · 2013 · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Attribution of extreme events is a challenging science and one that is currently undergoing considerable evolution. In this paper are 19 analyses by 18 different research groups, often using quite different methodologies, of 12 extreme…
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Gabriella Andreotti, Stella Koutros, Jonathan N Hofmann et al. · 2017 · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Background: Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, with both residential and agricultural uses. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans," noting…
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