144 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Engineering · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
Cao Zhengzheng, Xie Mengqi, Rong Tao et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
With the development of underground engineering and oil and gas exploitation, the problem of fluid-solid interaction in fractured rock mass has become increasingly prominent, and its complex coupling mechanism has a profound impact on the…
View details →Junyi Yin, Jie Zhu, Shaolei Wang et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
One-dimensional (1D) multifunctional fibers have garnered significant attention due to their advantageous geometry properties, which allows conformal interfacing with soft biological tissues and efficient charge transport. Here, we…
View details →Jun Tao, Zhihan Wang, Jianqiu Wu et al. · 2026 · Remote Sensing
Early detection of agricultural fires with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is important for environmental safety, yet it remains difficult because ignition cues are extremely small, smoke patterns vary widely, and farmland scenes often contain strong background interference such as specular reflections. Model development is further constrained by the scarcity of data from the early ignition stage. To address these challenges, we propose a joint data and model optimization framework. We first build a hybrid dataset through an ROI-guided synthesis pipeline, in which latent diffusion models are u
View details →Yuzhou Tang, Judith S. Ford, Tim T. Cockerill · 2026 · Biochar
Abstract The agricultural sector urgently requires scalable solutions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from residue management. Biochar offers a promising carbon removal pathway, but its adoption is limited by technical, regulatory, and economic barriers. A key constraint is the lack of system designs that can accommodate multiple feedstocks while complying with land application regulations. This study designs and evaluates an integrated biochar production system that enables the separate processing of straw and manure through parallel pyrolysis lines, while optimising internal energy
View details →Prabhu Gurunathappa Sheelavantar, Poornachandra Pandit, Shreelaxmi Prashant · 2026 · Scientific Reports
Abstract The need for sustainable, practical alternatives to Portland cement and two-part alkali-activated systems has led to the development of one-part alkali-activated concrete (OPAAC), which efficiently reuses industrial by-products like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This study evaluates the fresh (workability) and hardened properties (compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths) of FA-GGBS-based OPAAC, along with durability indicators including sorptivity and chloride ion permeability. A performance-based multi-response optimization using a Taguchi L 9 array an
View details →H. Fu, Xiong Zhou, Pengfei Xu et al. · 2025 · Materials
Predicting the compressive strength of concrete is essential for engineering design and quality assurance. Traditional empirical formulas often fall short in capturing complex multi-factor interactions and nonlinear relationships. This study employs an interpretable machine learning framework using Gradient Boosting Trees, Random Forest, and Backpropagation Neural Networks to predict concrete compressive strength. Bayesian optimization was employed for hyperparameter tuning, and SHAP analysis was used to quantify feature contributions. Based on 223 sets of compression test data, this study sys
View details →Lina Maria Ellegård, Gustav Kjellsson, Linn Mattisson · 2026 · The Economic Journal
Abstract The emergence of markets for on-demand online physician consultations —direct-to-consumer telemedicine (DCT) — is currently transforming many healthcare settings. DCT may be a cost-effective substitute for in-person consultations, but the convenience of seeking DCT may increase the demand for the service and consequently also the costs for health insurers. To causally assess the degree to which DCT consultations substitute for in-person primary care consultations, we exploit exogenous changes in patient fees in a fuzzy difference-in-discontinuities analysis of young adults in Sweden.
View details →Justyna Kujawska, Wojciech Cel, B. Charmas et al. · 2026 · Energies
Biochar obtained from digestate is a promising material in the context of digestate management. However, it is important to note that the properties of the resulting material are largely dependent on the parameters of the pyrolysis process, with temperature being a particularly significant factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the digestate pyrolysis temperature on the chemical structure, thermal stability, and thermal decomposition characteristics of biochar produced at temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 800 °C in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. Material characteriz
View details →Fhysmélia Firmino de Albuquerque, Rodrigo M. Iost, Frank N. Crespilho · 2025 · ACS Measurement Science Au
The development of enzyme-based bioelectronic devices, including biosensors and biomimetic systems, has significantly advanced with the introduction of innovative materials such as hydrogels, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs). These materials offer unique advantages in enhancing biodevice performance, particularly in enzyme stabilization, biocompatibility, and electrochemical sensitivity. Hydrogels, known for their high water content and flexibility, provide an ideal matrix for enzyme immobilization in biological applications but are limited by low ionic conductivity. DES,
View details →Cao Zhengzheng, Guo Fangxu, Rong Tao et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
Floor aquifers are responsible for approximately 55% of water inrush incidents in coal mines. As mining depths increase, the risk posed by confined floor aquifers becomes more severe. Grouting reinforcement and the sealing of water…
View details →Kaituo Li, Lin Zhu, Fei Xiong et al. · 2026 · Processes
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are a key technology for developing deep geothermal resources, yet they face significant challenges in constructing efficient thermal reservoirs within high-stress, high-strength, and low-permeability crystalline rock formations. Traditional hydraulic fracturing (HF) techniques encounter deep challenges in these environments, including excessively high fracturing pressures, limited fracture network patterns, and the risk of induced seismicity. This paper reviews the multi-scale thermal-mechanical mechanisms, fracture evolution patterns, and control strategies
View details →Zhenlin Zhang, Lang Yan, Weiwei Li et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
In the development of clinically translatable triplet photosensitizers for hypoxia regulated photodynamic therapy (PDT), there is an unmet need for engineering sensitizers as near-infrared (NIR)-responsive, type I/type Ⅱ dual…
View details →Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Mohamed Abdikarin Mohamud, Fatih Yılmaz et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
This study investigates the mechanical performance of geopolymer concrete cured under various oven temperatures and ambient conditions, focusing on the interactions among curing regimes, alkaline activator molarities, and ground granulated…
View details →E. Maartensson, N. Welch, M. Scarpari et al. · 2026 · Nuclear Fusion
Abstract ST-E1 is Tokamak Energy’s commercially competitive fusion power plant design featuring a lifetime high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet cage, which has completed its pre-concept design stage. A central challenge at the pre-concept stage is the need to iteratively and consistently integrate the development of the magnet cage, core plasma physics, and power-exhaust systems, while avoiding serial design loops and late discovery of infeasible operating scenarios. Accurate representation of inductive current drive is particularly critical, as it tightly couples magnetic equilibria,
View details →Bin Liu, Changfeng Yan, Ming Lv et al. · 2026 · Computers in Industry
Domain adaptation-based methods are extensively applied to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of rolling bearings under complex operating conditions. However, the nonlinear degradation process of bearings gives rise to markedly…
View details →Hanxu Ma, Shunda Qiao, Ying He et al. · 2026 · Reports on Progress in Physics
Abstract This paper proposed an optical detection mechanism that utilized orthogonal phase modulation (OPM) and Lissajous mode decoupling within a light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor for the first time, enabling…
View details →Mohamed Abdellatief, Mohamed Mortagi · 2026 · Scientific Reports
Accurate prediction of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of geopolymer-stabilized clayey soil is critical for geotechnical engineering. Conventional regression algorithms and even advanced machine learning approaches such as artificial neural networks often struggle to fully capture the highly non-linear interactions among soil properties and geopolymer mix parameters while maintaining computational efficiency and interpretability on limited datasets. To address these challenges, this investigation proposes a novel hybrid predictive framework based on a sector fruit fly optimization al
View details →M. A. Huque, Leon M. Tolbert, Benjamin J. Blalock et al. · 2026 · IMAPSource Proceedings
High-temperature power conversion modules (DC-DC converters, inverters, etc.) have enormous potential in extreme environment applications, including automotive, aerospace, geothermal, nuclear, and well logging. Power-to-volume and…
View details →Bianca Menzani, Priscille De Gea, Xavier Gidrol et al. · 2026 · Lab on a Chip
models for studying human physiology, development and disease. Their potential is very important and they have broad applications, but their impact is currently limited by persistent challenges such as incomplete maturation, batch…
View details →Joao Gabriel Ostrowski, József Menyhárt · 2020 · Acta Polytechnica Hungarica
Based particularly on data technologies, information is rapidly evolving in engineering. In mechanical engineering, maintenance is benefiting the most from data innovations, the reduction of maintenance costs, and the improvement of system…
View details →MD Irteeja Kobir, Pedro Machado, Ahmad Lotfi et al. · 2025 · Sensors
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is crucial for understanding human behaviour through sensor data, with applications in healthcare, smart environments, and surveillance. While traditional HAR often relies on ambient sensors, wearable devices or vision-based systems, these approaches can face limitations in dynamic settings and raise privacy concerns. Device-free HAR systems, utilising Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) to human movements, have emerged as a promising privacy-preserving alternative for next-generation health activity monitoring and smart environments, particularly for multi-u
View details →Yu‐Hui Zhang, Lu-Qiang Wei, Chen-Shuang Liu et al. · 2025 · ACS Omega
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Pesticides are of great significance in ensuring food yield. However, the extensive use of pesticides has led to severe environmental pollution and significant economic losses.…
View details →Fengxiang Liu, Shipeng Ning, Xia Wang et al. · 2025 · Science Advances
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to chemoresistance and immunosuppression, constraining chemoimmunotherapy outcomes. Differentiation therapy, aiming to mature CSCs and MDSCs, shows great promise. However, its efficacy is hindered by limited accessibility in hypoxic deep tumor regions. Inspired by the apoptotic body (ApoBD)-mediated deep tumor penetration, we design a pulsatile sequential drug release system with a core-shell structure. The reversible acid-responsive shell protonates and swells in lysosomes to release doxorubicin, inducing lysosom
View details →J. Jithish, Nagarajan Mahalingam, Bo Wang et al. · 2025 · Cybersecurity
Abstract The forthcoming 6G technology offers significant potential for the advancement of the smart grid domain. 6G promises ultra-low latency, higher data transfer rates, native Artificial Intelligence (AI) support, enhanced connectivity, and improved security for smart grids. Smart grids are vulnerable to cyberattacks, such as Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, posing a significant threat to grid functionality. To address security concerns, smart grids implement intrusion detection systems (IDS), but detecting novel attacks such as subtle multi-domain DDoS attacks through traditi
View details →Takahiro Ogawa, Rune Shibata, Keiji Komatsu et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Implant Dentistry
PURPOSE: Despite decades of clinical success with microrough implant surfaces, persistent challenges-particularly the biological trade-off between osteoblast proliferation and differentiation-highlight the need for novel surface design strategies. This review investigates the potential of meso-scale topography (10-500 μm) as a promising and underexplored dimension in implant surface engineering, situated between macro-level implant geometry and conventional microroughness. METHODS: A systematic review, supplemented by a targeted literature search, was conducted to evaluate the biological and m
View details →Lihua Liang, Xiaodong Li, Shutong Liu et al. · 2026 · Buildings
This study develops and applies an integrated methodology that combines deep learning-based computer vision and spatial statistics to automate the large-scale identification and analysis of morphological features in vernacular courtyard dwellings. Focusing on Liangshuaixiu dwellings in Wu’an, southern Hebei, we trained an HRNetV2 semantic segmentation model on high-resolution satellite imagery to identify and extract contours for 134,280 courtyard spaces. Core morphological parameters (area, orientation) were calculated and analyzed using GIS spatial statistics and the geographic detector mode
View details →Rafael Cabral, Ricardo Santos, José A.F.O. Correia et al. · 2025 · Sensors
The automated inspection of civil infrastructure with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is hampered by the challenge of accurately segmenting multi-damage in high-resolution imagery. While foundational models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) offer data-efficient segmentation, their effectiveness is constrained by prompting strategies, especially for geometrically complex defects. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of deep learning strategies to identify an optimal deep learning pipeline for segmenting cracks, efflorescences, and exposed rebars. It systematically evalua
View details →Luca Didaci, Sara Maria Pani, Claudio Frongia et al. · 2023 · arXiv
EEG-based biometric represents a relatively recent research field that aims to recognize individuals based on their recorded brain activity by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Among the numerous features that have been proposed, connectivity-based approaches represent one of the more promising methods tested so far. In this paper, we investigate how the performance of an EEG biometric system varies with respect to different time windows to understand if it is possible to define the optimal duration of EEG signal that can be used to extract those distinctive features. Overall, the results
View details →Neil Irwin Bernardo, Jingge Zhu, Jamie Evans · 2021 · arXiv
We analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of $M$-ary pulse amplitude modulation ($M$-PAM) receivers equipped with optimal low-resolution quantizers. We first show that the optimum detector can be reduced to a simple decision rule. Using this simplification, an exact SEP expression for quantized $M$-PAM receivers is obtained when Nakagami-$m$ fading channel is considered. The derived expression enables the optimization of the quantizer and/or constellation under the minimum SEP criterion. Our analysis of optimal quantization for equidistant $M$-PAM receiver reveals the existence of error fl
View details →Amritanshu Pandey, Marko Jereminov, Gabriela Hug et al. · 2017 · arXiv
Recent advances in power system simulation have included the use of complex rectangular current and voltage (I-V) variables for solving the power flow and three-phase power flow problems. This formulation has demonstrated superior convergence properties over conventional polar coordinate based formulations for three-phase power flow, but has failed to replicate the same advantages for power flow in general due to convergence issues with systems containing PV buses. In this paper, we demonstrate how circuit simulation techniques can provide robust convergence for any complex I-V formulation tha
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