Trade-offs and synergies when balancing economic growth and globalization for sustainable development goals achievement
Imre Fertő; Gábor Harangozó · 2025 · Scientific Reports
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
This study investigates the complex relationships between globalization, economic growth, urbanization, and ecological footprint in the context of advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Employing a club convergence framework, we evaluate global SDG Index from 2000 to 2023 for 149 countries with 3212 observations, identifying five converging clubs and one non-converging group. Our analysis demonstrates that higher GDP per capita and various dimensions of globalization positively impact SDG outcomes, whereas rapid urbanization and expansive ecological footprints exert
Abstract by Imre Fertő; Gábor Harangozó, Scientific Reports (2025) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-93360-3