Indirect punishment can outperform direct punishment in promoting cooperation in structured populations
Yujia Wen; Zhixue He; Chen Shen; Jun Tanimoto · 2025 · PLOS Computational Biology
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Indirect punishment traditionally sustains cooperation in social systems through reputation or norms, often by reducing defectors’ payoffs indirectly. In this study, we redefine indirect punishment for structured populations as a spatially…
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Metadata source: Crossref · DOI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013068